TY - JOUR
T1 - Association of vitamin D with incident glaucoma
T2 - Findings from the Women's Health Initiative
AU - Carbone, Laura D.
AU - Johnson, Karen
AU - Larson, Joseph C.
AU - Thomas, Fridtjof
AU - Wactawski-Wende, Jean
AU - Bollinger, Kathryn
AU - Chen, Zhao
AU - Watsky, Mitchell
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/4/1
Y1 - 2021/4/1
N2 - The relationship between vitamin D and glaucoma is controversial. The objective of this study was to examine women from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) to determine if there is an association between vitamin D and incident glaucoma in postmenopausal women. We examined the association between dietary vitamin D intake, vitamin D supplements and serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and the risk of developing glaucoma. 143,389 postmenopausal women from the WHI including a subset with serum 25(OH) D measurements were examined to determine the association of dietary, supplemental and serum levels of vitamin D to the development of glaucoma. Dietary intakes of vitamin D, use of vitamin D supplements and serum levels of 25(OH) D were predictors examined for the main outcome of incident glaucoma. In multivariable models adjusted for demographic, clinical variables and medication use, dietary vitamin D, vitamin D supplements, total vitamin D intake (diet plus supplements) and serum 25 (OH) D measurements were not significantly associated with incident glaucoma. In the CaD placebo-controlled intervention clinical trial, there was also no association in the active intervention arm with glaucoma. We conclude that dietary vitamin D intake, supplements and serum levels are not significantly related to the risk of developing glaucoma in postmenopausal women.
AB - The relationship between vitamin D and glaucoma is controversial. The objective of this study was to examine women from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) to determine if there is an association between vitamin D and incident glaucoma in postmenopausal women. We examined the association between dietary vitamin D intake, vitamin D supplements and serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and the risk of developing glaucoma. 143,389 postmenopausal women from the WHI including a subset with serum 25(OH) D measurements were examined to determine the association of dietary, supplemental and serum levels of vitamin D to the development of glaucoma. Dietary intakes of vitamin D, use of vitamin D supplements and serum levels of 25(OH) D were predictors examined for the main outcome of incident glaucoma. In multivariable models adjusted for demographic, clinical variables and medication use, dietary vitamin D, vitamin D supplements, total vitamin D intake (diet plus supplements) and serum 25 (OH) D measurements were not significantly associated with incident glaucoma. In the CaD placebo-controlled intervention clinical trial, there was also no association in the active intervention arm with glaucoma. We conclude that dietary vitamin D intake, supplements and serum levels are not significantly related to the risk of developing glaucoma in postmenopausal women.
KW - blindness
KW - vitamin D
KW - vitamin D deficiency
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U2 - 10.1136/jim-2020-001645
DO - 10.1136/jim-2020-001645
M3 - Article
C2 - 33431603
AN - SCOPUS:85099386001
SN - 1081-5589
VL - 69
SP - 843
EP - 850
JO - Journal of Investigative Medicine
JF - Journal of Investigative Medicine
IS - 4
ER -