TY - JOUR
T1 - Cervical cancer awareness and presence of abnormal cytology among HIV-infected women on antiretroviral therapy in rural Andhra Pradesh, India
AU - Shin, Sanghyuk S.
AU - Carpenter, Catherine L.
AU - Ekstrand, Maria L.
AU - Wang, Qiao
AU - Grover, Surbhi
AU - Zetola, Nicola M.
AU - Yadav, Kartik
AU - Sinha, Sanjeev
AU - Nyamathi, Adeline M.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (grant number R01MH098728) and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (grant number K01AI118559).
Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2019.
PY - 2019/5/1
Y1 - 2019/5/1
N2 - Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death among women in low- and middle-income countries, and women living with HIV are at high risk for cervical cancer. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of cervical cancer and pre-cancer lesions and to examine cervical cancer knowledge among women living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy in rural Andhra Pradesh, India. We conducted cytology-based screening and administered a standardized questionnaire among 598 HIV-infected women. We found 5 (0.8%), 39 (6.5%), 29 (4.9%), and 4 (0.7%) had atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and squamous cervical carcinoma (SCC), respectively. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, ASCUS/LSIL was independently associated with age >16 years old at first sexual encounter and smokeless tobacco use. We found no factors associated with HSIL/SCC. In total, 101 women (16.9%) had heard of cervical cancer and 28 (27.7%) of them correctly identified HIV infection as a risk factor. In light of the high prevalence of pre-cancer lesions and low level of cervical cancer knowledge in our study population, focused interventions are needed to improve cervical cancer literacy and prevention among rural women living with HIV.
AB - Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death among women in low- and middle-income countries, and women living with HIV are at high risk for cervical cancer. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of cervical cancer and pre-cancer lesions and to examine cervical cancer knowledge among women living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy in rural Andhra Pradesh, India. We conducted cytology-based screening and administered a standardized questionnaire among 598 HIV-infected women. We found 5 (0.8%), 39 (6.5%), 29 (4.9%), and 4 (0.7%) had atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and squamous cervical carcinoma (SCC), respectively. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, ASCUS/LSIL was independently associated with age >16 years old at first sexual encounter and smokeless tobacco use. We found no factors associated with HSIL/SCC. In total, 101 women (16.9%) had heard of cervical cancer and 28 (27.7%) of them correctly identified HIV infection as a risk factor. In light of the high prevalence of pre-cancer lesions and low level of cervical cancer knowledge in our study population, focused interventions are needed to improve cervical cancer literacy and prevention among rural women living with HIV.
KW - Female
KW - cytology
KW - lesion
KW - prevalence
KW - prevention
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85062519355&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85062519355&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1177/0956462419825950
DO - 10.1177/0956462419825950
M3 - Article
C2 - 30813859
AN - SCOPUS:85062519355
VL - 30
SP - 586
EP - 595
JO - International Journal of STD and AIDS
JF - International Journal of STD and AIDS
SN - 0956-4624
IS - 6
ER -