Abstract
Background: The increased use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) has caused new concerns about the potential exposure to biological systems and the potential risk that these materials may pose on human health. Here, we examined the effects of exposure to different concentrations (0-50 μg/mL) and incubation times (10 hours, 24 hours, or 48 hours) of yttrium oxide (Y2O3) NPs on human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. Changes in cellular morphology, cell viability, cell membrane integrity, reactive oxygen species levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell death (apoptosis and necrosis), and the DNA damage after NP exposure were compared to the effects seen following incubation with paraquat, a known toxicant. Results: The 24-hour inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of Y2O3 NPs (41±5 nm in size) in the HEK293 cells was found to be 108 μg/mL. Incubation with Y2O3 NPs (12.25-50 μg/mL) increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, caspase-3 expression and promoted apoptotic- and necrotic-mediated cell death in both a concentration and a time-dependent manner. Decreases in cell survivability were associated with elevations in cellular reactive oxygen species levels, increased mitochondrial membrane permeability, and evidence of DNA damage, which were consistent with the possibility that mitochondria impairment may play an important role in the cytotoxic response. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that the Y2O3 NP exposure is associated with increased cellular apoptosis and necrosis in cultured HEK293 cells.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1379-1391 |
| Number of pages | 13 |
| Journal | International journal of nanomedicine |
| Volume | 9 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Mar 12 2014 |
Fingerprint
Keywords
- Apoptosis
- Cytotoxicity
- DNA damage
- Mitochondria damage
- Necrosis
- ROS production
- Yttrium oxide nanoparticles
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biophysics
- Bioengineering
- Biomaterials
- Pharmaceutical Science
- Drug Discovery
- Organic Chemistry
Cite this
Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity caused by yttrium oxide nanoparticles in HEK293 cells. / Selvaraj, Vellaisamy; Bodapati, Sravanthi; Murray, Elizabeth; Rice, Kevin M.; Winston, Nicole Rockich; Shokuhfar, Tolou; Zhao, Yu; Blough, Eric.
In: International journal of nanomedicine, Vol. 9, No. 1, 12.03.2014, p. 1379-1391.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity caused by yttrium oxide nanoparticles in HEK293 cells
AU - Selvaraj, Vellaisamy
AU - Bodapati, Sravanthi
AU - Murray, Elizabeth
AU - Rice, Kevin M.
AU - Winston, Nicole Rockich
AU - Shokuhfar, Tolou
AU - Zhao, Yu
AU - Blough, Eric
PY - 2014/3/12
Y1 - 2014/3/12
N2 - Background: The increased use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) has caused new concerns about the potential exposure to biological systems and the potential risk that these materials may pose on human health. Here, we examined the effects of exposure to different concentrations (0-50 μg/mL) and incubation times (10 hours, 24 hours, or 48 hours) of yttrium oxide (Y2O3) NPs on human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. Changes in cellular morphology, cell viability, cell membrane integrity, reactive oxygen species levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell death (apoptosis and necrosis), and the DNA damage after NP exposure were compared to the effects seen following incubation with paraquat, a known toxicant. Results: The 24-hour inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of Y2O3 NPs (41±5 nm in size) in the HEK293 cells was found to be 108 μg/mL. Incubation with Y2O3 NPs (12.25-50 μg/mL) increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, caspase-3 expression and promoted apoptotic- and necrotic-mediated cell death in both a concentration and a time-dependent manner. Decreases in cell survivability were associated with elevations in cellular reactive oxygen species levels, increased mitochondrial membrane permeability, and evidence of DNA damage, which were consistent with the possibility that mitochondria impairment may play an important role in the cytotoxic response. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that the Y2O3 NP exposure is associated with increased cellular apoptosis and necrosis in cultured HEK293 cells.
AB - Background: The increased use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) has caused new concerns about the potential exposure to biological systems and the potential risk that these materials may pose on human health. Here, we examined the effects of exposure to different concentrations (0-50 μg/mL) and incubation times (10 hours, 24 hours, or 48 hours) of yttrium oxide (Y2O3) NPs on human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. Changes in cellular morphology, cell viability, cell membrane integrity, reactive oxygen species levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell death (apoptosis and necrosis), and the DNA damage after NP exposure were compared to the effects seen following incubation with paraquat, a known toxicant. Results: The 24-hour inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of Y2O3 NPs (41±5 nm in size) in the HEK293 cells was found to be 108 μg/mL. Incubation with Y2O3 NPs (12.25-50 μg/mL) increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, caspase-3 expression and promoted apoptotic- and necrotic-mediated cell death in both a concentration and a time-dependent manner. Decreases in cell survivability were associated with elevations in cellular reactive oxygen species levels, increased mitochondrial membrane permeability, and evidence of DNA damage, which were consistent with the possibility that mitochondria impairment may play an important role in the cytotoxic response. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that the Y2O3 NP exposure is associated with increased cellular apoptosis and necrosis in cultured HEK293 cells.
KW - Apoptosis
KW - Cytotoxicity
KW - DNA damage
KW - Mitochondria damage
KW - Necrosis
KW - ROS production
KW - Yttrium oxide nanoparticles
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84896056159&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84896056159&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2147/IJN.S52625
DO - 10.2147/IJN.S52625
M3 - Article
C2 - 24648735
AN - SCOPUS:84896056159
VL - 9
SP - 1379
EP - 1391
JO - International Journal of Nanomedicine
JF - International Journal of Nanomedicine
SN - 1176-9114
IS - 1
ER -