Cytotoxicity and osteogenic potential of silicate calcium cements as potential protective materials for pulpal revascularization

Eduardo A. Bortoluzzi, Li Na Niu, Chithra D. Palani, Ahmed R. El-Awady, Barry Dale Hammond, Dan Dan Pei, Fucong Tian, Christopher W Cutler, David Henry Pashley, Franklin Chi Meng Tay

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

78 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objectives In pulpal revascularization, a protective material is placed coronal to the blood clot to prevent recontamination and to facilitate osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to produce new dental tissues. Although mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been the material of choice for clot protection, it is easily displaced into the clot during condensation. The present study evaluated the effects of recently introduced calcium silicate cements (Biodentine and TheraCal LC) on the viability and osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) by comparing with MTA Angelus. Methods Cell viability was assessed using XTT assay and flow cytometry. The osteogenic potential of hDPSCs exposed to calcium silicate cements was examined using qRT-PCR for osteogenic gene expressions, alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity, Alizarin red S staining and transmission electron microscopy of extracellular calcium deposits. Parametric statistical methods were employed for analyses of significant difference among groups, with α = 0.05. Results The cytotoxic effects of Biodentine and TheraCal LC on hDPSCs were time- and concentration-dependent. Osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs was enhanced after exposure to Biodentine that was depleted of its cytotoxic components. This effect was less readily observed in hDPSCs exposed to TheraCal LC, although both cements supported extracellular mineralization better than the positive control (zinc oxide-eugenol-based cement). Significance A favorable tissue response is anticipated to occur with the use of Biodentine as a blood clot-protecting material for pulpal revascularization. Further investigations with the use of in vivo animal models are required to validate the potential adverse biological effects of TheraCal LC on hDPSCs.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1510-1522
Number of pages13
JournalDental Materials
Volume31
Issue number12
DOIs
StatePublished - Dec 1 2015

Keywords

  • Biocompatibility
  • Calcium silicate cements
  • Cytotoxicity
  • Mineral trioxide aggregate
  • Revascularization

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Materials Science
  • General Dentistry
  • Mechanics of Materials

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