TY - JOUR
T1 - Dentin Cross-linking Effect of Carbodiimide After 5 Years
AU - Maravic, T.
AU - Mancuso, E.
AU - Comba, A.
AU - Checchi, V.
AU - Generali, L.
AU - Mazzitelli, C.
AU - Josic, U.
AU - Hass, V.
AU - Reis, A.
AU - Loguercio, A. D.
AU - Tay, F. R.
AU - Breschi, L.
AU - Mazzoni, A.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia for use of the Leica SP8 microscope and the NovaNanoSEM field emission gun–scanning electron microscope at the CIGS imaging facility (Centro Interdipartimentale Grandi Strumenti). The authors also thank Drs. Cinzia Restani, Jonathan Vinet, and Mauro Zapparoli from CIGS for technical support. The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Publisher Copyright:
© International & American Associations for Dental Research 2021.
PY - 2021/9
Y1 - 2021/9
N2 - Carbodiimide (EDC)–based dentin primers preserve hybrid layer (HL) integrity. However, aging >1 y has not been investigated. The present study examined whether the cross-linking effect of EDC was reflected in dentin bond strength, endogenous enzymatic activity, and the chemical profile of the HL after 5-y aging in artificial saliva. Noncarious human third molars (N = 42) were cut to expose middle/deep coronal dentin and treated as follows: group 1, dentin etched with 35% H3PO4, pretreated with a 0.3M aqueous EDC primer for 1 min and restored with XP Bond (Dentsply Sirona); group 2, as in group 1 but without EDC pretreatment; group 3, Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray-Noritake) primer applied to dentin surface, followed by EDC pretreatment as in group 1 and application of bond; group 4, as in group 3 without EDC pretreatment. After composite buildup, the specimens were cut into sticks or slabs, depending on the experiment. All tests were performed at baseline (T0) and after 5 y of aging (T5) in artificial saliva at 37 °C. Microtensile bond strength (µTBS) was tested at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until failure. Endogenous enzymatic activity was investigated with in situ zymography. The chemical profile of HL was determined via Raman spectroscopy. Three-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey test were used to analyze µTBS and in situ zymography data (α = 0.05). EDC pretreatment and aging significantly influenced µTBS and in situ zymography results (P < 0.05). Higher bond strength and lower gelatinolytic activity were identified in the EDC-treated groups at T5 (P < 0.05), especially in the etch-and-rinse groups. Raman spectra revealed less defined amide III peaks in control specimens at T5. The EDC cross-linking effect persisted in the HL for 5 y in terms of bond strength, collagen structure preservation, and dentinal enzyme silencing.
AB - Carbodiimide (EDC)–based dentin primers preserve hybrid layer (HL) integrity. However, aging >1 y has not been investigated. The present study examined whether the cross-linking effect of EDC was reflected in dentin bond strength, endogenous enzymatic activity, and the chemical profile of the HL after 5-y aging in artificial saliva. Noncarious human third molars (N = 42) were cut to expose middle/deep coronal dentin and treated as follows: group 1, dentin etched with 35% H3PO4, pretreated with a 0.3M aqueous EDC primer for 1 min and restored with XP Bond (Dentsply Sirona); group 2, as in group 1 but without EDC pretreatment; group 3, Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray-Noritake) primer applied to dentin surface, followed by EDC pretreatment as in group 1 and application of bond; group 4, as in group 3 without EDC pretreatment. After composite buildup, the specimens were cut into sticks or slabs, depending on the experiment. All tests were performed at baseline (T0) and after 5 y of aging (T5) in artificial saliva at 37 °C. Microtensile bond strength (µTBS) was tested at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until failure. Endogenous enzymatic activity was investigated with in situ zymography. The chemical profile of HL was determined via Raman spectroscopy. Three-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey test were used to analyze µTBS and in situ zymography data (α = 0.05). EDC pretreatment and aging significantly influenced µTBS and in situ zymography results (P < 0.05). Higher bond strength and lower gelatinolytic activity were identified in the EDC-treated groups at T5 (P < 0.05), especially in the etch-and-rinse groups. Raman spectra revealed less defined amide III peaks in control specimens at T5. The EDC cross-linking effect persisted in the HL for 5 y in terms of bond strength, collagen structure preservation, and dentinal enzyme silencing.
KW - carbodiimides
KW - dental bonding
KW - dentin
KW - fibrillar collagen
KW - hydrolysis
KW - matrix metalloproteinases
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U2 - 10.1177/00220345211014799
DO - 10.1177/00220345211014799
M3 - Article
C2 - 34009064
AN - SCOPUS:85106016434
SN - 0022-0345
VL - 100
SP - 1090
EP - 1098
JO - Journal of Dental Research
JF - Journal of Dental Research
IS - 10
ER -