Abstract
Background: Behavioral alterations, including depression, are frequent in individuals with the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Recent findings suggest that chronic activation of innate immunity might be involved. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between MetS and depressive symptoms and to elucidate the involvement of inflammation in this relationship. Methods: Participants were 323 male twins, with and without MetS and free of symptomatic cardiovascular disease, drawn from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Inflammatory status was assessed using C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6); twins with both CRP and IL-6 levels above the median were classified as having an elevated inflammatory status. Factor analysis was performed on individual BDI items to extract specific symptom dimensions (neurovegetative, mood, affective-cognitive). Results: Subjects with MetS had more depressive symptoms than those without. Depressive symptoms with neurovegetative features were more common and more robustly associated with MetS. Both the BDI total score and each symptom subscore were associated with inflammatory biomarkers. After adjusting for age, education, and smoking status, the MetS was significantly associated with the BDI total score and the neurovegetative score. After further adjusting for inflammation, the coefficient for MetS decreased somewhat but remained statistically significant for the BDI neurovegetative subscore. When controlling for the MetS, inflammation remained significantly associated with the BDI mood subscore. Conclusions: The MetS is associated with higher depressive symptomatology characterized primarily by neurovegetative features. Inflammation is one determinant of depressive symptoms in individuals with MetS.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 896-900 |
| Number of pages | 5 |
| Journal | Biological Psychiatry |
| Volume | 64 |
| Issue number | 10 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Nov 15 2008 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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Keywords
- Cytokines
- depression
- inflammation
- metabolic syndrome
- mood
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biological Psychiatry
Cite this
Depressive Symptoms and Metabolic Syndrome : Is Inflammation the Underlying Link? / Capuron, Lucile; Su, Shaoyong; Miller, Andrew H.; Bremner, J. Douglas; Goldberg, Jack; Vogt, Gerald J.; Maisano, Carisa; Jones, Linda; Murrah, Nancy V.; Vaccarino, Viola.
In: Biological Psychiatry, Vol. 64, No. 10, 15.11.2008, p. 896-900.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Depressive Symptoms and Metabolic Syndrome
T2 - Is Inflammation the Underlying Link?
AU - Capuron, Lucile
AU - Su, Shaoyong
AU - Miller, Andrew H.
AU - Bremner, J. Douglas
AU - Goldberg, Jack
AU - Vogt, Gerald J.
AU - Maisano, Carisa
AU - Jones, Linda
AU - Murrah, Nancy V.
AU - Vaccarino, Viola
PY - 2008/11/15
Y1 - 2008/11/15
N2 - Background: Behavioral alterations, including depression, are frequent in individuals with the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Recent findings suggest that chronic activation of innate immunity might be involved. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between MetS and depressive symptoms and to elucidate the involvement of inflammation in this relationship. Methods: Participants were 323 male twins, with and without MetS and free of symptomatic cardiovascular disease, drawn from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Inflammatory status was assessed using C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6); twins with both CRP and IL-6 levels above the median were classified as having an elevated inflammatory status. Factor analysis was performed on individual BDI items to extract specific symptom dimensions (neurovegetative, mood, affective-cognitive). Results: Subjects with MetS had more depressive symptoms than those without. Depressive symptoms with neurovegetative features were more common and more robustly associated with MetS. Both the BDI total score and each symptom subscore were associated with inflammatory biomarkers. After adjusting for age, education, and smoking status, the MetS was significantly associated with the BDI total score and the neurovegetative score. After further adjusting for inflammation, the coefficient for MetS decreased somewhat but remained statistically significant for the BDI neurovegetative subscore. When controlling for the MetS, inflammation remained significantly associated with the BDI mood subscore. Conclusions: The MetS is associated with higher depressive symptomatology characterized primarily by neurovegetative features. Inflammation is one determinant of depressive symptoms in individuals with MetS.
AB - Background: Behavioral alterations, including depression, are frequent in individuals with the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Recent findings suggest that chronic activation of innate immunity might be involved. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between MetS and depressive symptoms and to elucidate the involvement of inflammation in this relationship. Methods: Participants were 323 male twins, with and without MetS and free of symptomatic cardiovascular disease, drawn from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Inflammatory status was assessed using C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6); twins with both CRP and IL-6 levels above the median were classified as having an elevated inflammatory status. Factor analysis was performed on individual BDI items to extract specific symptom dimensions (neurovegetative, mood, affective-cognitive). Results: Subjects with MetS had more depressive symptoms than those without. Depressive symptoms with neurovegetative features were more common and more robustly associated with MetS. Both the BDI total score and each symptom subscore were associated with inflammatory biomarkers. After adjusting for age, education, and smoking status, the MetS was significantly associated with the BDI total score and the neurovegetative score. After further adjusting for inflammation, the coefficient for MetS decreased somewhat but remained statistically significant for the BDI neurovegetative subscore. When controlling for the MetS, inflammation remained significantly associated with the BDI mood subscore. Conclusions: The MetS is associated with higher depressive symptomatology characterized primarily by neurovegetative features. Inflammation is one determinant of depressive symptoms in individuals with MetS.
KW - Cytokines
KW - depression
KW - inflammation
KW - metabolic syndrome
KW - mood
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=54149116720&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=54149116720&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.05.019
DO - 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.05.019
M3 - Article
C2 - 18597739
AN - SCOPUS:54149116720
VL - 64
SP - 896
EP - 900
JO - Biological Psychiatry
JF - Biological Psychiatry
SN - 0006-3223
IS - 10
ER -