Effects of an aminomethacrylate on epithelial cell lipid metabolism

Methacrylates can affect cell functions by surfactant-like effects or by altering cell lipid composition. Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), an activator widely used in visible-light polymerized dental resins has been shown to elute readily into aqueous environments. The current study examined the metabolism of this material by oral epithelial cells (HCP) and its subsequent effects on cell lipids. Cells were plated in culture medium, then exposed to DMAEMA in the presence of ¹⁴C-acetate, a precursor which labeled the cell lipids. Other cultures were prelabeled with radioisotope, then exposed to DMAEMA. After incubation, the cell lipids were extracted and separated by TLC. Radioactive lipids were located and quantitated. Exposure of the cells to DMAEMA resulted in decreased synthesis of cholesterol with a concomitant increase in sterol precursors. Cholesterol esters and triacylglycerides also increased. Among the polar lipids, phosphatidyl choline (PC) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) decreased in response to DMAEMA. However, dimethylphosphatidyl ethanolamine (DMPE), a precursor of PC not detectable in control cultures, accumulated to a significant extent in cells exposed to DMAEMA. Furthermore, changes in PC and DMPE levels persisted in the cells for at least 48 h after removal of the DMAEMA. The results indicate that DMAEMA produces alterations in the relative amounts of several cellular neutral and polar lipids. Such alterations, especially of the normal phospholipid composition, along with an alteration in cellular cholesterol, could result in altered membrane-associated cell functions.