TY - JOUR
T1 - Endogenous Glucocorticoid Signaling in the Regulation of Bone and Marrow Adiposity
T2 - Lessons from Metabolism and Cross Talk in Other Tissues
AU - Sharma, Anuj K.
AU - Shi, Xingming
AU - Isales, Carlos M.
AU - McGee-Lawrence, Meghan E.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors are supported by funding provided by the National Institute on Aging (NIA AG036675) and the American Diabetes Association (1-16-JDF-062).
PY - 2019/12/1
Y1 - 2019/12/1
N2 - Purpose of Review: The development of adiposity in the bone marrow, known as marrow adipose tissue (MAT), is often associated with musculoskeletal frailty. Glucocorticoids, which are a key component of the biological response to stress, affect both bone and MAT. These molecules signal through receptors such as the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), but the role of the GR in regulation of MAT is not yet clear from previous studies. The purpose of this review is to establish and determine the role of GR-mediated signaling in marrow adiposity by comparing and contrasting what is known against other energy-storing tissues like adipose tissue, liver, and muscle, to provide better insight into the regulation of MAT during times of metabolic stress (e.g., dietary challenges, aging). Recent Findings: GR-mediated glucocorticoid signaling is critical for proper storage and utilization of lipids in cells such as adipocytes and hepatocytes and proteolysis in muscle, impacting whole-body composition, energy utilization, and homeostasis through a complex network of tissue cross talk between these systems. Loss of GR signaling in bone promotes increased MAT and decreased bone mass. Summary: GR-mediated signaling in the liver, adipose tissue, and muscle is critical for whole-body energy and metabolic homeostasis, and both similarities and differences in GR-mediated GC signaling in MAT as compared with these tissues are readily apparent. It is clear that GC-induced pathways work together through these tissues to affect systemic biology, and understanding the role of bone in these patterns of tissue cross talk may lead to a better understanding of MAT-bone biology that improves treatment strategies for frailty-associated diseases.
AB - Purpose of Review: The development of adiposity in the bone marrow, known as marrow adipose tissue (MAT), is often associated with musculoskeletal frailty. Glucocorticoids, which are a key component of the biological response to stress, affect both bone and MAT. These molecules signal through receptors such as the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), but the role of the GR in regulation of MAT is not yet clear from previous studies. The purpose of this review is to establish and determine the role of GR-mediated signaling in marrow adiposity by comparing and contrasting what is known against other energy-storing tissues like adipose tissue, liver, and muscle, to provide better insight into the regulation of MAT during times of metabolic stress (e.g., dietary challenges, aging). Recent Findings: GR-mediated glucocorticoid signaling is critical for proper storage and utilization of lipids in cells such as adipocytes and hepatocytes and proteolysis in muscle, impacting whole-body composition, energy utilization, and homeostasis through a complex network of tissue cross talk between these systems. Loss of GR signaling in bone promotes increased MAT and decreased bone mass. Summary: GR-mediated signaling in the liver, adipose tissue, and muscle is critical for whole-body energy and metabolic homeostasis, and both similarities and differences in GR-mediated GC signaling in MAT as compared with these tissues are readily apparent. It is clear that GC-induced pathways work together through these tissues to affect systemic biology, and understanding the role of bone in these patterns of tissue cross talk may lead to a better understanding of MAT-bone biology that improves treatment strategies for frailty-associated diseases.
KW - Adipocyte
KW - Aging
KW - Bone marrow
KW - Corticosterone
KW - Cortisol
KW - Cortisone
KW - Glucocorticoid
KW - Osteoblast
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85075354672&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85075354672&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11914-019-00554-6
DO - 10.1007/s11914-019-00554-6
M3 - Review article
C2 - 31749087
AN - SCOPUS:85075354672
SN - 1544-1873
VL - 17
SP - 438
EP - 445
JO - Current Osteoporosis Reports
JF - Current Osteoporosis Reports
IS - 6
ER -