TY - JOUR
T1 - Endoscopic Neck Surgery
T2 - Resection of the Submandibular Gland in A Cadaver Model
AU - Terris, David J.
AU - Haus, Brian M.
AU - Gourin, Christine G.
PY - 2004/3
Y1 - 2004/3
N2 - Objectives/Hypothesis: The objective was to evaluate the feasibility of performing a totally endoscopic resection of the submandibular gland in a cadaver model. Study Design: Prospective, nonrandomized experimental investigation in a cadaver model. Methods: A modified endoscopic surgical approach (representing a hybrid of balloon dissection and low-pressure carbon dioxide insufflation) previously developed in a porcine model was implemented in fresh cadavers. Once a reliable protocol was achieved, eight procedures were performed in six cadavers. Data collected prospectively included the operative time, inadvertent neurovascular injury, and size of the glands. Results: All eight endoscopic submandibular gland resections were successfully performed in six consecutive cadavers (no conversions to open resection were necessary). The duration of the procedures ranged from 50 to 150 minutes, with a median duration of 65.5 minutes and a steady trend toward a shorter duration. Histological examination confirmed the presence of normal glandular architecture without evidence of excessive trauma or thermal injury. The optimal spacing of the instrument ports was 4 cm from the camera port. There were no cases of neurovascular injury. In two cadavers, a minimal amount of subcutaneous emphysema could be appreciated, which was limited to the skin overlying the dissection. Conclusion: Totally endoscopic resection of the submandibular gland is possible by combining balloon dissection with low-pressure carbon dioxide insufflation. The excellent visualization afforded by the endoscope provided a safe operative approach. Ultimately, a number of endoscopic neck procedures may be possible, and clinical trials are under way.
AB - Objectives/Hypothesis: The objective was to evaluate the feasibility of performing a totally endoscopic resection of the submandibular gland in a cadaver model. Study Design: Prospective, nonrandomized experimental investigation in a cadaver model. Methods: A modified endoscopic surgical approach (representing a hybrid of balloon dissection and low-pressure carbon dioxide insufflation) previously developed in a porcine model was implemented in fresh cadavers. Once a reliable protocol was achieved, eight procedures were performed in six cadavers. Data collected prospectively included the operative time, inadvertent neurovascular injury, and size of the glands. Results: All eight endoscopic submandibular gland resections were successfully performed in six consecutive cadavers (no conversions to open resection were necessary). The duration of the procedures ranged from 50 to 150 minutes, with a median duration of 65.5 minutes and a steady trend toward a shorter duration. Histological examination confirmed the presence of normal glandular architecture without evidence of excessive trauma or thermal injury. The optimal spacing of the instrument ports was 4 cm from the camera port. There were no cases of neurovascular injury. In two cadavers, a minimal amount of subcutaneous emphysema could be appreciated, which was limited to the skin overlying the dissection. Conclusion: Totally endoscopic resection of the submandibular gland is possible by combining balloon dissection with low-pressure carbon dioxide insufflation. The excellent visualization afforded by the endoscope provided a safe operative approach. Ultimately, a number of endoscopic neck procedures may be possible, and clinical trials are under way.
KW - Cadaver
KW - Endoscopic neck surgery
KW - Minimally invasive surgery
KW - Submandibular gland
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U2 - 10.1097/00005537-200403000-00003
DO - 10.1097/00005537-200403000-00003
M3 - Article
C2 - 15091210
AN - SCOPUS:1642281549
SN - 0023-852X
VL - 114
SP - 407
EP - 410
JO - Laryngoscope
JF - Laryngoscope
IS - 3
ER -