TY - JOUR
T1 - Epidemiology of renal cell carcinoma
AU - Padala, Sandeep Anand
AU - Barsouk, Adam
AU - Thandra, Krishna Chaitanya
AU - Saginala, Kalyan
AU - Mohammed, Azeem
AU - Vakiti, Anusha
AU - Rawla, Prashanth
AU - Barsouk, Alexander
PY - 2020/6/1
Y1 - 2020/6/1
N2 - Though renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 2% of global cancer diagnoses and deaths, it has more than doubled in incidence in the developed world over the past half-century, and today is the ninth most common neoplasm in the United States (US). While North America and Western Europe have the highest disease burden (with the Belarus highest in incidence), Latin America, Asia and Africa are projected to see an increase in incidence as nation's transition to a Western lifestyle. Most cases of RCC are discovered incidentally on imaging, and survival is highly dependent on the stage at diagnosis, with the metastatic disease having only a 12% 5-year survival rate. Two-thirds of RCC diagnoses are made in men, and the average age of diagnosis in the US is 64. Those with genetic predispositions, namely von Hippel-Lindau disease, tend to be diagnosed 20 years earlier. RCC has a greater incidence among Hispanics and Native Americans, and a lower survival rate among African Americans in the US. Modifiable risk factors for RCC include smoking, obesity, poorly-controlled hypertension, diet and alcohol, and occupational exposures. Prevention strategies aimed at improving survival and reducing disparities include addressing lifestyle factors and access to regular healthcare among underserved populations and in developing nations, as well as more rigorous imaging guidelines to detect RCC at an earlier stage. A stronger understanding of global RCC epidemiology can facilitate prevention efforts, especially in developing nations and underserved communities where disease burden is predicted to rise in the coming decades.
AB - Though renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 2% of global cancer diagnoses and deaths, it has more than doubled in incidence in the developed world over the past half-century, and today is the ninth most common neoplasm in the United States (US). While North America and Western Europe have the highest disease burden (with the Belarus highest in incidence), Latin America, Asia and Africa are projected to see an increase in incidence as nation's transition to a Western lifestyle. Most cases of RCC are discovered incidentally on imaging, and survival is highly dependent on the stage at diagnosis, with the metastatic disease having only a 12% 5-year survival rate. Two-thirds of RCC diagnoses are made in men, and the average age of diagnosis in the US is 64. Those with genetic predispositions, namely von Hippel-Lindau disease, tend to be diagnosed 20 years earlier. RCC has a greater incidence among Hispanics and Native Americans, and a lower survival rate among African Americans in the US. Modifiable risk factors for RCC include smoking, obesity, poorly-controlled hypertension, diet and alcohol, and occupational exposures. Prevention strategies aimed at improving survival and reducing disparities include addressing lifestyle factors and access to regular healthcare among underserved populations and in developing nations, as well as more rigorous imaging guidelines to detect RCC at an earlier stage. A stronger understanding of global RCC epidemiology can facilitate prevention efforts, especially in developing nations and underserved communities where disease burden is predicted to rise in the coming decades.
KW - Epidemiology
KW - Etiology
KW - Incidence
KW - Kidney cancer
KW - Mortality
KW - Prevention
KW - Renal cell carcinoma
KW - Risk factors
KW - Survival
KW - Trends
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85086990887&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85086990887&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.14740/WJON1279
DO - 10.14740/WJON1279
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85086990887
VL - 11
SP - 79
EP - 87
JO - World Journal of Oncology
JF - World Journal of Oncology
SN - 1920-4531
IS - 3
ER -