TY - JOUR
T1 - Epigenetic Regulation of Memory by Acetylation and Methylation of Chromatin
T2 - Implications in Neurological Disorders, Aging, and Addiction
AU - Sen, Nilkantha
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York.
PY - 2015/6/1
Y1 - 2015/6/1
N2 - Synaptic plasticity is one of the most fundamental properties of neurons that underlie the formation of the memory in brain. In recent years, epigenetic modification of both DNA and histones such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation and methylation emerges as a potential regulatory mechanism that governs the transcription of several genes responsible for memory formation and behavior. Furthermore, the recent identification of nitrosylation of proteins has shown to either activate or repress gene transcription by modulating histone methylation or acetylation status in mature neuron. Recent studies suggest that the use of major substrates of abuse, e.g., cocaine, induces alterations in molecular and cellular mechanisms of epigenetics that underlie long-term memories in the striatum and prefrontal cortex. Moreover, downregulation of genes due to alterations in epigenetics leads to cognitive deficiencies associated with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, psychiatric disorder such as Rett’s syndrome and aging. In this review, I will discuss the evidence for several epigenetic mechanisms in the coordination of complex memory formation and storage. In addition, I will address the current literature highlighting the role of acetylation and methylation of chromatin in memory impairment associated with several neurological disorders, aging, and addiction.
AB - Synaptic plasticity is one of the most fundamental properties of neurons that underlie the formation of the memory in brain. In recent years, epigenetic modification of both DNA and histones such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation and methylation emerges as a potential regulatory mechanism that governs the transcription of several genes responsible for memory formation and behavior. Furthermore, the recent identification of nitrosylation of proteins has shown to either activate or repress gene transcription by modulating histone methylation or acetylation status in mature neuron. Recent studies suggest that the use of major substrates of abuse, e.g., cocaine, induces alterations in molecular and cellular mechanisms of epigenetics that underlie long-term memories in the striatum and prefrontal cortex. Moreover, downregulation of genes due to alterations in epigenetics leads to cognitive deficiencies associated with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, psychiatric disorder such as Rett’s syndrome and aging. In this review, I will discuss the evidence for several epigenetic mechanisms in the coordination of complex memory formation and storage. In addition, I will address the current literature highlighting the role of acetylation and methylation of chromatin in memory impairment associated with several neurological disorders, aging, and addiction.
KW - Addiction
KW - DNA methylation
KW - Histone acetylation
KW - Histone methylation
KW - Nitrosylation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84939889981&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.1007/s12017-014-8306-x
DO - 10.1007/s12017-014-8306-x
M3 - Review article
C2 - 24777294
AN - SCOPUS:84939889981
SN - 1535-1084
VL - 17
SP - 97
EP - 110
JO - NeuroMolecular Medicine
JF - NeuroMolecular Medicine
IS - 2
ER -