@article{7669c285d18f400ba9ebb9b6cc212b67,
title = "Evidence for genetic heterogeneity between clinical subtypes of bipolar disorder",
abstract = "We performed a genome-wide association study of 6447 bipolar disorder (BD) cases and 12 639 controls from the International Cohort Collection for Bipolar Disorder (ICCBD). Meta-analysis was performed with prior results from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Bipolar Disorder Working Group for a combined sample of 13 902 cases and 19 279 controls. We identified eight genome-wide significant, associated regions, including a novel associated region on chromosome 10 (rs10884920; P = 3.28 × 10-8) that includes the brain-enriched cytoskeleton protein adducin 3 (ADD3), a non-coding RNA, and a neuropeptide-specific aminopeptidase P (XPNPEP1). Our large sample size allowed us to test the heritability and genetic correlation of BD subtypes and investigate their genetic overlap with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. We found a significant difference in heritability of the two most common forms of BD (BD I SNP-h2 = 0.35; BD II SNP-h2 = 0.25; P = 0.02). The genetic correlation between BD I and BD II was 0.78, whereas the genetic correlation was 0.97 when BD cohorts containing both types were compared. In addition, we demonstrated a significantly greater load of polygenic risk alleles for schizophrenia and BD in patients with BD I compared with patients with BD II, and a greater load of schizophrenia risk alleles in patients with the bipolar type of schizoaffective disorder compared with patients with either BD I or BD II. These results point to a partial difference in the genetic architecture of BD subtypes as currently defined.",
author = "Charney, {A. W.} and Ruderfer, {D. M.} and Stahl, {E. A.} and Moran, {J. L.} and K. Chambert and Belliveau, {R. A.} and L. Forty and K. Gordon-Smith and {Di Florio}, A. and Lee, {P. H.} and Bromet, {E. J.} and Buckley, {Peter F} and Escamilla, {M. A.} and Fanous, {A. H.} and Fochtmann, {L. J.} and Lehrer, {D. S.} and D. Malaspina and Marder, {S. R.} and Morley, {C. P.} and H. Nicolini and Perkins, {D. O.} and Rakofsky, {J. J.} and Rapaport, {M. H.} and H. Medeiros and Sobell, {J. L.} and Green, {E. K.} and L. Backlund and Bergen, {S. E.} and A. Jur{\'e}us and M. Schalling and P. Lichtenstein and P. Roussos and Knowles, {J. A.} and I. Jones and Jones, {L. A.} and Hultman, {C. M.} and Perlis, {R. H.} and Purcell, {S. M.} and McCarroll, {S. A.} and Pato, {C. N.} and Pato, {M. T.} and N. Craddock and M. Land{\'e}n and Smoller, {J. W.} and P. Sklar",
note = "Funding Information: We are grateful for the participation of all subjects contributing to this research, and to the collection team that worked to recruit them. We acknowledge funding support from National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) grant R01MH085542 (AWC, JWS and PS), NIH/NIMH grant R01MH085545 (JWS), NIH/ NIMH grant R01MH085548 (AHF, CNP, CPM, DM, DOP, DSL, ELB, HM, HN, JAK, JJR, JLS, LJF, MAE, MHR, MTP, PFB and SRM), NIH/NIMH grant K99MH101367 (PHL), the Stanley Medical Research Institute (JLM, KC, RAB and SAM), philanthropic gifts from Kent and Elizabeth Dauten and Ted and Vada Stanley (JLM, KC, RAB and SAM), the Swedish Research Council 2013-3196 (CMH), the Swedish Medical Research Council grants K2014-62X-14647-12-51 and K2010-61 P-21568-01-4 (ML), the Swedish foundation for Strategic Research grant KF10-0039 (ML), the Swedish Federal Government under the LUA/ALF agreement grants ALF 20130032 and ALFGBG-142041 (ML), European Commission-Marie Curie Fellowship (AD), Wellcome Trust (IJ, KG, LAJ, LF and NC). Work at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai was also supported by the Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology (including computational resources and staff expertise provided by the Department of Scientific Computing). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2017. Copyright: Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "2017",
doi = "10.1038/tp.2016.242",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "7",
journal = "Translational Psychiatry",
issn = "2158-3188",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "1",
}