TY - JOUR
T1 - Experimental intermittent ischemia augments exercise-induced inflammatory cytokine production
AU - Shill, Daniel D.
AU - Polley, Kristine R.
AU - Willingham, T. Bradley
AU - Call, Jarrod A.
AU - Murrow, Jonathan R.
AU - McCully, Kevin K.
AU - Jenkins, Nathan T.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by funds from the Office of the Vice President for Research and the College of Education at the University of Georgia (to N. T. Jenkins).
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2017 the American Physiological Society.
PY - 2017/8
Y1 - 2017/8
N2 - Acute exercise-induced inflammation is implicated in mediating the beneficial adaptations to regular exercise. Evidence suggests that reduced oxygen and/or blood flow to contracting muscle alters cytokine appearance. However, the acute inflammatory responses to hypoxic/ischemic exercise have been documented with inconsistent results and may not accurately reflect the ischemia produced during exercise in patients with ischemic cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we determined the extent to which local inflammation is involved in the response to ischemic exercise. Fourteen healthy males performed unilateral isometric forearm contractions for 30 min with and without experimental ischemia. Blood was drawn at baseline, 5 and 10 min into exercise, at the end of exercise, and 30, 60, and 120 min after exercise. Oxygen saturation levels, as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy, were reduced by 10% and 41% during nonischemic and ischemic exercise, respectively. Nonischemic exercise did not affect cytokine values. Ischemia enhanced concentrations of basic fibroblast growth factor, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and vascular endothelial growth factor during exercise, but IL-8 was not influenced by ischemic exercise. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that ischemic, small-muscle endurance exercise elicits local inflammatory cytokine production compared with nonischemic exercise. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that ischemic, smallmuscle endurance exercise elicits local inflammatory cytokine production compared with nonischemic exercise. The present study advances our knowledge of the inflammatory response to exercise in a partial ischemic state, which may be relevant for understanding the therapeutic effects of exercise training for people with ischemic cardiovascular disease-associated comorbidities.
AB - Acute exercise-induced inflammation is implicated in mediating the beneficial adaptations to regular exercise. Evidence suggests that reduced oxygen and/or blood flow to contracting muscle alters cytokine appearance. However, the acute inflammatory responses to hypoxic/ischemic exercise have been documented with inconsistent results and may not accurately reflect the ischemia produced during exercise in patients with ischemic cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we determined the extent to which local inflammation is involved in the response to ischemic exercise. Fourteen healthy males performed unilateral isometric forearm contractions for 30 min with and without experimental ischemia. Blood was drawn at baseline, 5 and 10 min into exercise, at the end of exercise, and 30, 60, and 120 min after exercise. Oxygen saturation levels, as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy, were reduced by 10% and 41% during nonischemic and ischemic exercise, respectively. Nonischemic exercise did not affect cytokine values. Ischemia enhanced concentrations of basic fibroblast growth factor, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and vascular endothelial growth factor during exercise, but IL-8 was not influenced by ischemic exercise. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that ischemic, small-muscle endurance exercise elicits local inflammatory cytokine production compared with nonischemic exercise. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that ischemic, smallmuscle endurance exercise elicits local inflammatory cytokine production compared with nonischemic exercise. The present study advances our knowledge of the inflammatory response to exercise in a partial ischemic state, which may be relevant for understanding the therapeutic effects of exercise training for people with ischemic cardiovascular disease-associated comorbidities.
KW - Blood flow restriction
KW - Near-infrared spectroscopy
KW - Peripheral arterial disease
KW - Skeletal muscle
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U2 - 10.1152/japplphysiol.01006.2016
DO - 10.1152/japplphysiol.01006.2016
M3 - Article
C2 - 28572502
AN - SCOPUS:85029693085
SN - 8750-7587
VL - 123
SP - 434
EP - 441
JO - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF - Journal of Applied Physiology
IS - 2
ER -