@inproceedings{bb9091b11bde405281b18d9244895e3d,
title = "Eye Gaze-based Object Rotation for Head-mounted Displays",
abstract = "Hands-free manipulation of 3D objects has long been a challenge for augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR). While many methods use eye gaze to assist with hand-based manipulations, interfaces cannot yet provide completely gaze-based 6 degree-of-freedom (DoF) manipulations in an efficient manner. To address this problem, we implemented three methods to handle rotations of virtual objects using gaze, including RotBar: a method that maps line-of-sight eye gaze onto per-axis rotations, RotPlane: a method that makes use of orthogonal planes to achieve per-axis angular rotations, and RotBall: a method that combines a traditional arcball with an external ring to handle user-perspective roll manipulations. We validated the efficiency of each method by conducting a user study involving a series of orientation tasks along different axes with each method. Experimental results showed that users could accomplish single-axis orientation tasks with RotBar and RotPlane significantly faster and more accurate than RotBall. On the other hand for multi-axis orientation tasks, RotBall significantly outperformed RotBar and RotPlane in terms of speed and accuracy. ",
keywords = "eye gaze, head-mounted display, object rotation, user interface",
author = "Chang Liu and Jason Orlosky and Alexander Plopski",
note = "Funding Information: Our interaction design can serve as a significant step towards 3D modeling, editing, and interaction using pure eye gaze, and these methods will be advantageous for individuals that have limited use of their hands or arms during interaction. We also hope that this work will help pave the way for new eye gaze-based manipulations moving forward. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was funded in part by the United States Office of Naval Research Global, Grant #N62909–18–1–2036. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 ACM.; 6th ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction, SUI 2020 ; Conference date: 31-10-2020 Through 01-11-2020",
year = "2020",
month = oct,
day = "31",
doi = "10.1145/3385959.3418444",
language = "English (US)",
series = "Proceedings - SUI 2020: ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction",
publisher = "Association for Computing Machinery, Inc",
editor = "Spencer, {Stephen N.}",
booktitle = "Proceedings - SUI 2020",
}