TY - JOUR
T1 - Greater fractalkine expression in mesenteric arteries of female spontaneously hypertensive rats compared with males
AU - Sullivan, Jennifer C.
AU - Pardieck, Jennifer L.
AU - Doran, Derek
AU - Zhang, Yan
AU - She, Jin Xiong
AU - Pollock, Jennifer S.
PY - 2009/4
Y1 - 2009/4
N2 - A mircoarray analysis was performed to identify novel inflammatory genes that are differentially expressed in the mesenteric arteries of male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Fractalkine was found to be the inflammatory gene with the greatest differential expression in mesenteric arteries, with the expression being greater in female SHRs compared with males. Greater inflammatory mediators in female SHRs were verified by measuring urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, transforming growth factor-β, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) excretion, all of which were greater in female SHRs compared with males. Real-time PCR, Western blot analysis, and ELISA verified greater soluble fractalkine in mesenteric arteries of female SHRs. Consistent with increased fractalkine expression, TNF-α-converting enzyme and TNF-α levels in mesenteric arteries were also greater in female SHRs. We next tested the hypothesis that mesenteric arteries from female SHRs will have greater fractalkine-induced dysfunction. Acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside, phenylephrine, and KCl concentration-response curves were performed in third-order mesenteric arteries from male and female SHRs pretreated with either vehicle or fractalkine (1 μg/ml). Fractalkine decreased sensitivity to 1) acetylcholine in arteries from male SHRs, 2) phenylephrine in arteries from both sexes, and 3) KCl in arteries from female SHRs. In conclusion, urinary and vascular markers of inflammation are greater in female SHRs compared with males, although blood pressure and cardiovascular risk are less in females.
AB - A mircoarray analysis was performed to identify novel inflammatory genes that are differentially expressed in the mesenteric arteries of male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Fractalkine was found to be the inflammatory gene with the greatest differential expression in mesenteric arteries, with the expression being greater in female SHRs compared with males. Greater inflammatory mediators in female SHRs were verified by measuring urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, transforming growth factor-β, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) excretion, all of which were greater in female SHRs compared with males. Real-time PCR, Western blot analysis, and ELISA verified greater soluble fractalkine in mesenteric arteries of female SHRs. Consistent with increased fractalkine expression, TNF-α-converting enzyme and TNF-α levels in mesenteric arteries were also greater in female SHRs. We next tested the hypothesis that mesenteric arteries from female SHRs will have greater fractalkine-induced dysfunction. Acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside, phenylephrine, and KCl concentration-response curves were performed in third-order mesenteric arteries from male and female SHRs pretreated with either vehicle or fractalkine (1 μg/ml). Fractalkine decreased sensitivity to 1) acetylcholine in arteries from male SHRs, 2) phenylephrine in arteries from both sexes, and 3) KCl in arteries from female SHRs. In conclusion, urinary and vascular markers of inflammation are greater in female SHRs compared with males, although blood pressure and cardiovascular risk are less in females.
KW - Hypertension
KW - Inflammation
KW - Microarray
KW - Sex difference
KW - Tumor necrosis factor-α
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U2 - 10.1152/ajpheart.01093.2008
DO - 10.1152/ajpheart.01093.2008
M3 - Article
C2 - 19201996
AN - SCOPUS:66249121416
SN - 0363-6135
VL - 296
SP - H1080-H1088
JO - American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology
JF - American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology
IS - 4
ER -