Induced pluripotent stem cells for periodontal regeneration

Periodontal diseases are very common affecting the soft and hard tissue support of the teeth. Periodontitis is the most severe form of periodontal diseases, which can lead to tooth loss affecting not only esthetic and self-esteem but also nutritional status and general heath of affected individuals. Mechanical debridement remains the mainstay of management of periodontitis, but other therapeutic options include local delivery of antimicrobial agents and guided tissue regeneration. Importantly, advances in tissue regeneration technologies coupled with our increasing understanding of stem cell biology have raised the prospect for regeneration of the periodontal complex. Among the variety of stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells are gaining increased attention given their potential application for personalized healthcare. Thus, we will initially review prevalence and pathogenesis of periodontitis along with current treatment options and their limitations. Thereafter, and in the context of development of the dental complex, we will describe the potential of induced pluripotent stem cells, and emerging technologies, for periodontal regeneration.