TY - JOUR
T1 - Intravelar and extravelar portions of soft palate muscles in velic constrictions
T2 - A three-dimensional modeling study
AU - Anderson, Peter
AU - Fels, Sidney
AU - Stavness, Ian
AU - Pearson, William G.
AU - Gick, Bryan
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors are very grateful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Grant CHRP 414167-12), the National Institutes of Health (Grant DC-002717 to Haskins Laboratories), and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Grant CPG-121024) for providing funding for this research.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. All rights reserved.
PY - 2019/4
Y1 - 2019/4
N2 - Purpose: This study predicts and simulates the function and relative contributions of the intravelar and extravelar portions of the levator veli palatini (LVP) and palatoglossus (PG) muscles in velic constrictions. Method: A finite element-based model of the 3-dimensional upper airway structures (palate, pharynx, tongue, jaw, maxilla) was implemented, with LVP and PG divided into intravelar and extravelar portions. Simulations were run to investigate the contributions of these muscles in velopharyngeal port (VPP) closure and constriction of the oropharyngeal isthmus (OPI). Results: Simulations reveal that the extravelar portion of LVP, though crucial for lifting the palate, is not sufficient to effect VPP closure. Specifically, the characteristic “bulge” appearing in the posterior soft palate during VPP closure (Pigott, 1969; Serrurier & Badin, 2008) is found to result from activation of the intravelar portion of LVP. Likewise, the intravelar portion of posterior PG is crucial in bending the “veil” or “traverse” (Gick, Francis, Klenin, Mizrahi, & Tom, 2013) of the velum anteriorly to produce uvular constrictions of the OPI (Gick et al., 2014). Conclusions: Simulations support the view that intravelar LVP and PG play significant roles in VPP and OPI constrictions.
AB - Purpose: This study predicts and simulates the function and relative contributions of the intravelar and extravelar portions of the levator veli palatini (LVP) and palatoglossus (PG) muscles in velic constrictions. Method: A finite element-based model of the 3-dimensional upper airway structures (palate, pharynx, tongue, jaw, maxilla) was implemented, with LVP and PG divided into intravelar and extravelar portions. Simulations were run to investigate the contributions of these muscles in velopharyngeal port (VPP) closure and constriction of the oropharyngeal isthmus (OPI). Results: Simulations reveal that the extravelar portion of LVP, though crucial for lifting the palate, is not sufficient to effect VPP closure. Specifically, the characteristic “bulge” appearing in the posterior soft palate during VPP closure (Pigott, 1969; Serrurier & Badin, 2008) is found to result from activation of the intravelar portion of LVP. Likewise, the intravelar portion of posterior PG is crucial in bending the “veil” or “traverse” (Gick, Francis, Klenin, Mizrahi, & Tom, 2013) of the velum anteriorly to produce uvular constrictions of the OPI (Gick et al., 2014). Conclusions: Simulations support the view that intravelar LVP and PG play significant roles in VPP and OPI constrictions.
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U2 - 10.1044/2018_JSLHR-S-17-0247
DO - 10.1044/2018_JSLHR-S-17-0247
M3 - Article
C2 - 30964714
AN - SCOPUS:85064960927
SN - 1092-4388
VL - 62
SP - 802
EP - 814
JO - Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders
JF - Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders
IS - 4
ER -