Mechanism of bioactive molecular extraction from mineralized dentin by calcium hydroxide and tricalcium silicate cement

Xue qing Huang; John Camba; Li sha Gu; Brian E. Bergeron; Domenico Ricucci; David H. Pashley; Franklin R. Tay; Li na Niu

doi:10.1016/j.dental.2017.11.010

Mechanism of bioactive molecular extraction from mineralized dentin by calcium hydroxide and tricalcium silicate cement

Xue qing Huang, John Camba, Li sha Gu, Brian E. Bergeron, Domenico Ricucci, David H. Pashley, Franklin R. Tay, Li na Niu

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

4 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of bioactive molecule extraction from mineralized dentin by calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) and tricalcium silicate cements (TSC). Methods and results: Transmission electron microscopy was used to provide evidence for collagen degradation in dentin surfaces covered with Ca(OH)₂ or a set, hydrated TSC for 1–3 months. A one micron thick collagen degradation zone was observed on the dentin surface. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy was used to identify increases in apatite/collagen ratio in dentin exposed to Ca(OH)₂. Using three-point bending, dentin exposed to Ca(OH)₂ exhibited significant reduction in flexural strength. Using size exclusion chromatography, it was found that the small size of the hydroxyl ions derived from Ca(OH)₂ enabled those ions to infiltrate the intrafibrillar compartment of mineralized collagen and degrade the collagen fibrils without affecting the apatite minerals. Using ELISA, TGF-β1 was found to be extracted from dentin covered with Ca(OH)₂ for 3 months. Unlike acids that dissolve the mineral component of dentin to release bioactive molecules, alkaline materials such as Ca(OH)₂ or TSC released growth factors such as TGF-β1 via collagen degradation. Significance: The bioactive molecule extraction capacities of Ca(OH)₂ and TSC render these dental materials excellent for pulp capping and endodontic regeneration. These highly desirable properties, however, appear to be intertwined with the untoward effect of degradation of the collagen matrix within mineralized dentin, resulting in reduced flexural strength.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	317-330
Number of pages	14
Journal	Dental Materials
Volume	34
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2017.11.010
State	Published - Feb 2018

Keywords

Calcium hydroxide
Collagen degradation
Dentin
Flexural strength
Size congruity
Tricalcium silicate cement

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Materials Science(all)
Dentistry(all)
Mechanics of Materials

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Mechanism of bioactive molecular extraction from mineralized dentin by calcium hydroxide and tricalcium silicate cement. / Huang, Xue qing; Camba, John; Gu, Li sha; Bergeron, Brian E.; Ricucci, Domenico; Pashley, David H.; Tay, Franklin R.; Niu, Li na.

In: Dental Materials, Vol. 34, No. 2, 02.2018, p. 317-330.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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title = "Mechanism of bioactive molecular extraction from mineralized dentin by calcium hydroxide and tricalcium silicate cement",

abstract = "Objectives: The objective of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of bioactive molecule extraction from mineralized dentin by calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and tricalcium silicate cements (TSC). Methods and results: Transmission electron microscopy was used to provide evidence for collagen degradation in dentin surfaces covered with Ca(OH)2 or a set, hydrated TSC for 1–3 months. A one micron thick collagen degradation zone was observed on the dentin surface. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy was used to identify increases in apatite/collagen ratio in dentin exposed to Ca(OH)2. Using three-point bending, dentin exposed to Ca(OH)2 exhibited significant reduction in flexural strength. Using size exclusion chromatography, it was found that the small size of the hydroxyl ions derived from Ca(OH)2 enabled those ions to infiltrate the intrafibrillar compartment of mineralized collagen and degrade the collagen fibrils without affecting the apatite minerals. Using ELISA, TGF-β1 was found to be extracted from dentin covered with Ca(OH)2 for 3 months. Unlike acids that dissolve the mineral component of dentin to release bioactive molecules, alkaline materials such as Ca(OH)2 or TSC released growth factors such as TGF-β1 via collagen degradation. Significance: The bioactive molecule extraction capacities of Ca(OH)2 and TSC render these dental materials excellent for pulp capping and endodontic regeneration. These highly desirable properties, however, appear to be intertwined with the untoward effect of degradation of the collagen matrix within mineralized dentin, resulting in reduced flexural strength.",

keywords = "Calcium hydroxide, Collagen degradation, Dentin, Flexural strength, Size congruity, Tricalcium silicate cement",

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AU - Huang, Xue qing

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AU - Ricucci, Domenico

AU - Pashley, David H.

AU - Tay, Franklin R.

AU - Niu, Li na

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N2 - Objectives: The objective of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of bioactive molecule extraction from mineralized dentin by calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and tricalcium silicate cements (TSC). Methods and results: Transmission electron microscopy was used to provide evidence for collagen degradation in dentin surfaces covered with Ca(OH)2 or a set, hydrated TSC for 1–3 months. A one micron thick collagen degradation zone was observed on the dentin surface. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy was used to identify increases in apatite/collagen ratio in dentin exposed to Ca(OH)2. Using three-point bending, dentin exposed to Ca(OH)2 exhibited significant reduction in flexural strength. Using size exclusion chromatography, it was found that the small size of the hydroxyl ions derived from Ca(OH)2 enabled those ions to infiltrate the intrafibrillar compartment of mineralized collagen and degrade the collagen fibrils without affecting the apatite minerals. Using ELISA, TGF-β1 was found to be extracted from dentin covered with Ca(OH)2 for 3 months. Unlike acids that dissolve the mineral component of dentin to release bioactive molecules, alkaline materials such as Ca(OH)2 or TSC released growth factors such as TGF-β1 via collagen degradation. Significance: The bioactive molecule extraction capacities of Ca(OH)2 and TSC render these dental materials excellent for pulp capping and endodontic regeneration. These highly desirable properties, however, appear to be intertwined with the untoward effect of degradation of the collagen matrix within mineralized dentin, resulting in reduced flexural strength.

AB - Objectives: The objective of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of bioactive molecule extraction from mineralized dentin by calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and tricalcium silicate cements (TSC). Methods and results: Transmission electron microscopy was used to provide evidence for collagen degradation in dentin surfaces covered with Ca(OH)2 or a set, hydrated TSC for 1–3 months. A one micron thick collagen degradation zone was observed on the dentin surface. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy was used to identify increases in apatite/collagen ratio in dentin exposed to Ca(OH)2. Using three-point bending, dentin exposed to Ca(OH)2 exhibited significant reduction in flexural strength. Using size exclusion chromatography, it was found that the small size of the hydroxyl ions derived from Ca(OH)2 enabled those ions to infiltrate the intrafibrillar compartment of mineralized collagen and degrade the collagen fibrils without affecting the apatite minerals. Using ELISA, TGF-β1 was found to be extracted from dentin covered with Ca(OH)2 for 3 months. Unlike acids that dissolve the mineral component of dentin to release bioactive molecules, alkaline materials such as Ca(OH)2 or TSC released growth factors such as TGF-β1 via collagen degradation. Significance: The bioactive molecule extraction capacities of Ca(OH)2 and TSC render these dental materials excellent for pulp capping and endodontic regeneration. These highly desirable properties, however, appear to be intertwined with the untoward effect of degradation of the collagen matrix within mineralized dentin, resulting in reduced flexural strength.

KW - Calcium hydroxide

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KW - Flexural strength

KW - Size congruity

KW - Tricalcium silicate cement

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