MHC class I and non-MHC-linked capacity for generating an anti-viral CTL response determines susceptiblility to CTL exhaustion and establishment of virus persistence in mice

The influence of the murine MHC gene complex H-2 class I alleles or of the genetic background and the role of virus variants on establishment of a persistent infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) was analyzed in immunocompetent mice of H-2^d haplotype by evaluation of cytotoxic T cell responses. Susceptibility to establishment of a virus carrier state increased in various H-2^d mice with lower CTL response and slower CTL kinetics. Low responder BALB/c-H-2^dm2, lacking H-2L^d molecules to present the major T cell epitope amino acids 118-126 of the LCMV nucleoprotein or DBA/2 mice possessing relatively few CD8⁺ T cells, were more susceptible than high responder BALB/c mice expressing H-2L^d. Additional critical factors were LCMV isolate and dose of infection. The rapidly replicating LCMV-DOCILE and Cl 13 Armstrong induced viral persistence readily, whereas the slowly replicating parental virus strains WE or Armstrong did not. The presented findings illustrate a model of MHC-linked or MHC-unlinked susceptibility for virus persistence and may help to explain pathogeneses of chronic virus infections in humans that are often associated with slowly progressing immunopathology.