TY - JOUR
T1 - Multicenter clinical evaluation of the (1→3) β-D-glucan assay as an aid to diagnosis of fungal infections in humans
AU - Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis
AU - Alexander, Barbara D.
AU - Kett, Daniel H.
AU - Vazquez, Jose
AU - Pappas, Peter G.
AU - Saeki, Fumihiro
AU - Ketchum, Paul A.
AU - Wingard, John
AU - Schiff, Robert
AU - Tamura, Hiroshi
AU - Finkelman, Malcolm A.
AU - Rex, John H.
N1 - Funding Information:
Potential conflicts of interest. L.O. and J.H.R have received grants and research support from Associates of Cape Cod. F.S., P.A.K., H.T., R.S., and M.A.F. are employees of Associates of Cape Cod or its affiliates. R.S. is employed by Schiff and Company.
PY - 2005/9/1
Y1 - 2005/9/1
N2 - Background. Measurement of (1→3)-β-D-glucan (BG) has emerged as an adjunct diagnostic strategy for invasive fungal infections (IFI). Methods. Subjects at 6 clinical sites in the United States were enrolled as either fungal infection-negative subjects (n = 170) or subjects with proven or probable IFI according to European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group criteria (n = 163). A central laboratory and 4 sites performed assays. A single sample was obtained per patient and was evaluated using an assay to detect serum BG derived from fungal cell walls (range, 0 to >7000 pg/mL). Results. At a cutoff of 60 pg/mL, the sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 69.9% and 87.1%, respectively, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 83.8% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 75.1%. At a cutoff value of 80 pg/mL, the sensitivity and specificity were 64.4% and 92.4%, respectively, with a PPV of 89% and an NPV of 73%. Of the 107 patients with proven candidiasis, 81.3% had positive results at a cutoff value of 60 pg/mL, and 77.6% had positive results at a cutoff value of 80 pg/mL. Of the 10 patients with aspergillosis, 80% had positive results at cutoff values of 60 and 80 pg/mL. The 3 subjects diagnosed with Fusarium species had positive results at a cutoff value of 60 pg/mL. Patients infected with Mucor or Rhizopus species (both of which lack BG) had negative results at both cutoff values, and of the 12 patients with Cryptococcus infection, 3 had positive results at a cutoff value of 60 pg/mL, and 2 had positive results at a cutoff value of 80 pg/mL. Of the subjects with proven positive results who were receiving antifungal therapy (n = 118), 72.9% had results positive for BG at a cutoff value of 60 pg/mL, and 69.5% had results positive for BG at a cutoff value of 80 pg/mL. The interlaboratory sample test r 2 was 0.93. Conclusion. Reproducible assay results with high specificity and high PPV in a multicenter setting demonstrate that use of an assay to detect serum BG derived from fungal cell walls is a useful diagnostic adjunct for IFI.
AB - Background. Measurement of (1→3)-β-D-glucan (BG) has emerged as an adjunct diagnostic strategy for invasive fungal infections (IFI). Methods. Subjects at 6 clinical sites in the United States were enrolled as either fungal infection-negative subjects (n = 170) or subjects with proven or probable IFI according to European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group criteria (n = 163). A central laboratory and 4 sites performed assays. A single sample was obtained per patient and was evaluated using an assay to detect serum BG derived from fungal cell walls (range, 0 to >7000 pg/mL). Results. At a cutoff of 60 pg/mL, the sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 69.9% and 87.1%, respectively, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 83.8% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 75.1%. At a cutoff value of 80 pg/mL, the sensitivity and specificity were 64.4% and 92.4%, respectively, with a PPV of 89% and an NPV of 73%. Of the 107 patients with proven candidiasis, 81.3% had positive results at a cutoff value of 60 pg/mL, and 77.6% had positive results at a cutoff value of 80 pg/mL. Of the 10 patients with aspergillosis, 80% had positive results at cutoff values of 60 and 80 pg/mL. The 3 subjects diagnosed with Fusarium species had positive results at a cutoff value of 60 pg/mL. Patients infected with Mucor or Rhizopus species (both of which lack BG) had negative results at both cutoff values, and of the 12 patients with Cryptococcus infection, 3 had positive results at a cutoff value of 60 pg/mL, and 2 had positive results at a cutoff value of 80 pg/mL. Of the subjects with proven positive results who were receiving antifungal therapy (n = 118), 72.9% had results positive for BG at a cutoff value of 60 pg/mL, and 69.5% had results positive for BG at a cutoff value of 80 pg/mL. The interlaboratory sample test r 2 was 0.93. Conclusion. Reproducible assay results with high specificity and high PPV in a multicenter setting demonstrate that use of an assay to detect serum BG derived from fungal cell walls is a useful diagnostic adjunct for IFI.
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U2 - 10.1086/432470
DO - 10.1086/432470
M3 - Article
C2 - 16080087
AN - SCOPUS:23844546551
SN - 1058-4838
VL - 41
SP - 654
EP - 659
JO - Clinical Infectious Diseases
JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases
IS - 5
ER -
