TY - JOUR
T1 - Muscarinic receptors and ligands in cancer
AU - Shah, Nirish
AU - Khurana, Sandeep
AU - Cheng, Kunrong
AU - Raufman, Jean Pierre
PY - 2009/2
Y1 - 2009/2
N2 - Emerging evidence indi-cates that muscarinic receptors and ligands play key roles in regulating cellular proliferation and cancer progression. Both neuronal and nonneuronal acetylcholine production results in neurocrine, paracrine, and autocrine promotion of cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and other features critical for cancer cell survival and spread. The present review comprises a focused critical analysis of evidence supporting the role of muscarinic receptors and ligands in cancer. Criteria are proposed to validate the biological importance of muscarinic receptor expression, activation, and postreceptor signaling. Likewise, criteria are proposed to validate the role of nonneuronal acetylcholine production in cancer. Dissecting cellular mechanisms necessary for muscarinic receptor activation as well as those needed for acetylcholine production and release will identify multiple novel targets for cancer therapy.
AB - Emerging evidence indi-cates that muscarinic receptors and ligands play key roles in regulating cellular proliferation and cancer progression. Both neuronal and nonneuronal acetylcholine production results in neurocrine, paracrine, and autocrine promotion of cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and other features critical for cancer cell survival and spread. The present review comprises a focused critical analysis of evidence supporting the role of muscarinic receptors and ligands in cancer. Criteria are proposed to validate the biological importance of muscarinic receptor expression, activation, and postreceptor signaling. Likewise, criteria are proposed to validate the role of nonneuronal acetylcholine production in cancer. Dissecting cellular mechanisms necessary for muscarinic receptor activation as well as those needed for acetylcholine production and release will identify multiple novel targets for cancer therapy.
KW - Acetylcholine
KW - Bile acids
KW - Cholinergic
KW - Signaling
KW - Tumor genesis; nonneuronal
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U2 - 10.1152/ajpcell.00514.2008
DO - 10.1152/ajpcell.00514.2008
M3 - Review article
C2 - 19036940
AN - SCOPUS:60849109514
SN - 0363-6143
VL - 296
SP - C221-C232
JO - American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology
JF - American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology
IS - 2
ER -