Nanobased Platforms for Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19: From Benchtop to Bedside

Elham Bidram, Yasaman Esmaeili, Abbas Amini, Rossella Sartorius, Franklin R. Tay, Laleh Shariati, Pooyan Makvandi

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

22 Scopus citations

Abstract

Human respiratory viral infections are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Among the various respiratory viruses, coronaviruses (e.g., SARS-CoV-2) have created the greatest challenge and most frightening health threat worldwide. Human coronaviruses typically infect the upper respiratory tract, causing illnesses that range from common cold-like symptoms to severe acute respiratory infections. Several promising vaccine formulations have become available since the beginning of 2021. Nevertheless, achievement of herd immunity is still far from being realized. Social distancing remains the only effective measure against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nanobiotechnology enables the design of nanobiosensors. These nanomedical diagnostic devices have opened new vistas for early detection of viral infections. The present review outlines recent research on the effectiveness of nanoplatforms as diagnostic and antiviral tools against coronaviruses. The biological properties of coronavirus and infected host organs are discussed. The challenges and limitations encountered in combating SARS-CoV-2 are highlighted. Potential nanodevices such as nanosensors, nanobased vaccines, and smart nanomedicines are subsequently presented for combating current and future mutated versions of coronaviruses.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)2150-2176
Number of pages27
JournalACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering
Volume7
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - Jun 14 2021

Keywords

  • COVID-19
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • coronavirus
  • nanobased vaccine
  • nanobiosensor

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Biomaterials
  • Biomedical Engineering

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