Novel mechanism for regulation of extracellular SOD transcription and activity by copper: Role of antioxidant-1

Shinichi Itoh, Kiyoshi Ozumi, Ha Won Kim, Osamu Nakagawa, Ronald D. McKinney, Rodney J. Folz, Igor N. Zelko, Masuko Ushio-Fukai, Tohru Fukai

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

103 Scopus citations

Abstract

Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3), a secretory copper-containing antioxidant enzyme, plays an important role in various oxidative stress-dependent cardiovascular diseases. Although cofactor copper is required for SOD3 activity, it remains unknown whether it can regulate SOD3 transcription. We previously demonstrated that SOD3 activity requires the copper chaperone antioxidant-1 (Atox1), involved in copper delivery to SOD3 at the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Here we show that copper treatment in mouse fibroblasts significantly increases mRNA and protein levels of SOD3, but not SOD1, which is abolished in Atox1-deficient cells. Copper promotes Atox1 translocation to the nucleus. Promoter deletion analysis identifies copper- and Atox1-response elements (REs) at the SOD3 promoter. Gel-shift and ChIP assays reveal that Atox1 directly binds to the Atox1 RE in a copper-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo. Adenovirus-mediated reexpression in Atox1-/- cells of nucleus-targeted Atox1 (Atox1-NLS), but not TGN-targeted Atox1 (Atox1-TGN), increases SOD3 transcription without affecting SOD3 activity. Importantly, reexpression of both Atox1-NLS and Atox1-TGN together, but not either alone, in Atox1-/- cells increases SOD3 activity. SOD3 transcription is positively regulated by copper through the transcription factor function of Atox1, whereas the full activity of SOD3 requires both the copper chaperone and the transcription factor functions of Atox1. Thus, Atox1 is a potential therapeutic target for oxidant stress-dependent cardiovascular disease.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)95-104
Number of pages10
JournalFree Radical Biology and Medicine
Volume46
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 1 2009
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Antioxidant-1
  • Copper
  • Copper chaperone
  • Free radicals
  • SOD3
  • Transcription factor

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology (medical)

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Novel mechanism for regulation of extracellular SOD transcription and activity by copper: Role of antioxidant-1'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this