Periodontal repair in dogs: Effect of transforming growth factor-β1 on alveolar bone and cementum regeneration

Background, aim: Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) represents a family of growth-modulating proteins with fundamental rôles in connective tissue and bone development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for regeneration of alveolar bone and cementum following surgical implantation of recombinant human TGF-β1 (rhTGF-β1). Method: Bilateral, critical size, supra-alveolar periodontal defects in 5 beagle dogs were surgically implanted with rhTGF-β1 in a calcium carbonate carrier (CaCO₃) or with carrier alone. The animals were euthanized at 4 weeks postsurgery and block-biopsies of the defects were processed for histologic and histometric analysis. Results: Surgical implantation of rhTGF-β1 resulted in minimal, if any, stimulation of alveolar bone or cementum regeneration. Linear bone and cementum regeneration in rhTGF-β1-treated defects was 1.2±0.6 and 0.01±0.01 mm, respectively. Correspondiong values for the controls were 1.0±0.6 and 0.01±0.03 mm. Conclusions. The results suggest that, under the conditions (dose, carrier, defect type) evaluated here, treatment of periodontal defects in beagle dogs with rhTGF-β1 may be of limited clinical benefit.