Recent Trends in the Synthesis of Benzimidazoles From o-Phenylenediamine via Nanoparticles and Green Strategies Using Transition Metal Catalysts

Sugandha Singhal, Pankaj Khanna, Siva S. Panda, Leena Khanna

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

19 Scopus citations

Abstract

Benzimidazole is a heterocyclic moiety of immense importance as it acts as a primary “biolinker” in diverse synthetic routes to obtain bioactive compounds. Substituted benzimidazoles are known to possess a varied range of pharmacological applications, namely, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral like anti-HIV and anti-fungal. A number of reviews covering the important aspects of benzimidazoles such as pharmacological activities, SAR studies, and well-known methods of synthesis have appeared in the literature. However, green synthetic methods particularly using transition metal (TM) catalysts and their nanoparticles, although being more viable and extensively applied by researchers in the present scenario, have not been exclusively and expansively reviewed. Besides this, the vital precursors required for knitting the skeleton of benzimidazole are mainly o-aryldiamines. The conventional synthesis generally involved the condensation of these diamines with carbonyl/carboxylic acid derivatives either via high temperature heating or via adding strong acids, mostly resulting in poor yields or mixtures. However, recent trends are replacing these conditions by mild and green conditions through TM catalysts. Therefore, the current review emphasizes on the recent trends adopted in the synthesis of benzimidazoles using condensation reaction of o-phenylenediamines and various aldehydes/ester/amide/alcohols with TM in a catalytic role in nanoform and under environmentally benign green conditions.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)2702-2729
Number of pages28
JournalJournal of Heterocyclic Chemistry
Volume56
Issue number10
DOIs
StatePublished - Oct 1 2019

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Organic Chemistry

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Recent Trends in the Synthesis of Benzimidazoles From o-Phenylenediamine via Nanoparticles and Green Strategies Using Transition Metal Catalysts'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this