Abstract
A variety of physical forces exist in a dynamic equilibrium in the vascular endothelium (EC) monolayer and serve to maintain EC responsiveness while preserving the integrity of the EC monolayer and barrier properties. Thrombin has potent effects on EC permeabilities disrupting the equilibrium between tethering forces (cadherins, focal adhesion plaque) and forces that increase centripetal tension primarily via myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation. Like other EC effects, thrombin-induced MLC kinase (MLCK) activation is dependent upon receptor proteolysis, Ca2+ mobilization, and activation of protein kinase C (PKC). While EC gap formation is central to barrier dysfunction and dependent upon activation of MLCK, (which phosphorylates MLC) an obligatory event in smooth muscle cell contraction, little is known regarding the events that reverse inflammatory responses, halt the contractile response, and initiate relaxation. However, as these events likely include MLC dephosphorylation, further examination of the processes that regulate MLC protein phosphatase activity, focal intercellular junctions, and extracellular matrix adhesions is needed. These investigations should yield new information as to how receptor occupancy is transduced into specific cellular responses, such as increased permeability, which promotes pathological vascular processes such as tissue edema formation and organ dysfunction.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 309-315 |
| Number of pages | 7 |
| Journal | Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis |
| Volume | 22 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 1 1996 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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Keywords
- Focal adhesion kinase
- Myosin light chain kinase
- Permeability
- Protein phosphatase
- Thrombin
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Hematology
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Cite this
Regulation of thrombin-mediated endothelial cell contraction and permeability. / Garcia, Joe G.N.; Verin, Alexander Dmitriyevich; Schaphorst, Kane L.
In: Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Vol. 22, No. 4, 01.01.1996, p. 309-315.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Regulation of thrombin-mediated endothelial cell contraction and permeability
AU - Garcia, Joe G.N.
AU - Verin, Alexander Dmitriyevich
AU - Schaphorst, Kane L.
PY - 1996/1/1
Y1 - 1996/1/1
N2 - A variety of physical forces exist in a dynamic equilibrium in the vascular endothelium (EC) monolayer and serve to maintain EC responsiveness while preserving the integrity of the EC monolayer and barrier properties. Thrombin has potent effects on EC permeabilities disrupting the equilibrium between tethering forces (cadherins, focal adhesion plaque) and forces that increase centripetal tension primarily via myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation. Like other EC effects, thrombin-induced MLC kinase (MLCK) activation is dependent upon receptor proteolysis, Ca2+ mobilization, and activation of protein kinase C (PKC). While EC gap formation is central to barrier dysfunction and dependent upon activation of MLCK, (which phosphorylates MLC) an obligatory event in smooth muscle cell contraction, little is known regarding the events that reverse inflammatory responses, halt the contractile response, and initiate relaxation. However, as these events likely include MLC dephosphorylation, further examination of the processes that regulate MLC protein phosphatase activity, focal intercellular junctions, and extracellular matrix adhesions is needed. These investigations should yield new information as to how receptor occupancy is transduced into specific cellular responses, such as increased permeability, which promotes pathological vascular processes such as tissue edema formation and organ dysfunction.
AB - A variety of physical forces exist in a dynamic equilibrium in the vascular endothelium (EC) monolayer and serve to maintain EC responsiveness while preserving the integrity of the EC monolayer and barrier properties. Thrombin has potent effects on EC permeabilities disrupting the equilibrium between tethering forces (cadherins, focal adhesion plaque) and forces that increase centripetal tension primarily via myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation. Like other EC effects, thrombin-induced MLC kinase (MLCK) activation is dependent upon receptor proteolysis, Ca2+ mobilization, and activation of protein kinase C (PKC). While EC gap formation is central to barrier dysfunction and dependent upon activation of MLCK, (which phosphorylates MLC) an obligatory event in smooth muscle cell contraction, little is known regarding the events that reverse inflammatory responses, halt the contractile response, and initiate relaxation. However, as these events likely include MLC dephosphorylation, further examination of the processes that regulate MLC protein phosphatase activity, focal intercellular junctions, and extracellular matrix adhesions is needed. These investigations should yield new information as to how receptor occupancy is transduced into specific cellular responses, such as increased permeability, which promotes pathological vascular processes such as tissue edema formation and organ dysfunction.
KW - Focal adhesion kinase
KW - Myosin light chain kinase
KW - Permeability
KW - Protein phosphatase
KW - Thrombin
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0029803695&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1055/s-2007-999025
DO - 10.1055/s-2007-999025
M3 - Review article
C2 - 8944415
AN - SCOPUS:0029803695
VL - 22
SP - 309
EP - 315
JO - Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis
JF - Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis
SN - 0094-6176
IS - 4
ER -