TY - JOUR
T1 - Revisiting traumatic brain injury
T2 - From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic interventions
AU - Jarrahi, Abbas
AU - Braun, Molly
AU - Ahluwalia, Meenakshi
AU - Gupta, Rohan V.
AU - Wilson, Michael
AU - Munie, Stephanie
AU - Ahluwalia, Pankaj
AU - Vender, John R.
AU - Vale, Fernando L.
AU - Dhandapani, Krishnan M.
AU - Vaibhav, Kumar
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2020/10
Y1 - 2020/10
N2 - Studying the complex molecular mechanisms involved in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is crucial for developing new therapies for TBI. Current treatments for TBI are primarily focused on patient stabilization and symptom mitigation. However, the field lacks defined therapies to prevent cell death, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cascades which lead to chronic pathology. Little can be done to treat the mechanical damage that occurs during the primary insult of a TBI; however, secondary injury mechanisms, such as inflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, edema formation, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and cell death, can be targeted by therapeutic interventions. Elucidating the many mechanisms underlying secondary injury and studying targets of neuroprotective therapeutic agents is critical for developing new treatments. Therefore, we present a review on the molecular events following TBI from inflammation to programmed cell death and discuss current research and the latest therapeutic strategies to help understand TBI-mediated secondary injury.
AB - Studying the complex molecular mechanisms involved in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is crucial for developing new therapies for TBI. Current treatments for TBI are primarily focused on patient stabilization and symptom mitigation. However, the field lacks defined therapies to prevent cell death, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cascades which lead to chronic pathology. Little can be done to treat the mechanical damage that occurs during the primary insult of a TBI; however, secondary injury mechanisms, such as inflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, edema formation, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and cell death, can be targeted by therapeutic interventions. Elucidating the many mechanisms underlying secondary injury and studying targets of neuroprotective therapeutic agents is critical for developing new treatments. Therefore, we present a review on the molecular events following TBI from inflammation to programmed cell death and discuss current research and the latest therapeutic strategies to help understand TBI-mediated secondary injury.
KW - Apoptosis
KW - Brain injury
KW - Edema
KW - Excitotoxicity
KW - Neuroinflammation
KW - Neurotrauma
KW - Oxidative stress
KW - Therapeutic strategies
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U2 - 10.3390/biomedicines8100389
DO - 10.3390/biomedicines8100389
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85094170611
SN - 2227-9059
VL - 8
SP - 1
EP - 42
JO - Biomedicines
JF - Biomedicines
IS - 10
M1 - 389
ER -