@article{1d495834506c4834b03a6dbdcdee38c2,
title = "Slow release formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (AM 65-52) and spinosyns: effectiveness against the West Nile vector Culex pipiens in Saudi Arabia",
abstract = "Objective To investigate the effectiveness of slow release formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (AM 65-52) (B. thuringiensis israelensis) and spinosyns against the West Nile vector Culex pipiens (Cx. pipiens) in Saudi Arabia. Methods We tested slow release insecticide formulations of Natular DT, Tap 60 and VectoBac granule against II instars of Cx. pipiens larvae in 50 L laboratory arenas. Results Slow release formulations of B. thuringiensis israelensis and spinosyns gave continuous control against Cx. pipiens for several weeks. Natular DT was more effective over Tap 60 and VectoBac granule of about 1.3 and 5.8 times, respectively. Variations in the durations of effective control among the tested slow release formulations may reflect differences in their active ingredients and the mode of action. Conclusions Our results highlighted the effectiveness of B. thuringiensis israelensis and spinosyns against an important West Nile vector, providing baseline data to develop eco-friendly mosquito control programs in Saudi Arabia.",
keywords = "Arbovirus, Mosquito control, Mosquito-borne diseases, Natular DT, Tap 60, VectoBac granule",
author = "Alsobhi, {Alaa Sulaiman} and Aziz, {Al Thbiani} and Khalid Al-Ghamdi and Mahyoub, {Jazem Abdullah} and Khatter, {Najat Ali} and Shalini Saggu and Hasibur Rehman and Chellasamy Panneerselvam and Kadarkarai Murugan and Akon Higuchi and Marcello Nicoletti and Angelo Canale and Giovanni Benelli",
note = "Funding Information: *Corresponding author: Al Thbiani Aziz, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. Tel: +966-556041263 E-mail: aalthbyani@ut.edu.sa Giovanni Benelli, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy. Tel: +390502216141 Fax: +390502216087 E-mail: g.benelli@sssup.it; benelli.giovanni@gmail.com Foundation Project: Supported by the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (Grant No. AT 35-369). The journal implements double-blind peer review practiced by specially invited international editorial board members. Funding Information: We are grateful to team of the Dengue Mosquito Research Station, King Abdulaziz University (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia), as well as to the Entomology and Toxicology Unit, University of Tabuk, Department of Biology. This research was funded by the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (Grant No. AT 35-369). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 Asian Pacific Tropical Medicine Press",
year = "2016",
month = jul,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/S2222-1808(16)61083-6",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "6",
pages = "533--538",
journal = "Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease",
issn = "2222-1808",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
number = "7",
}