@article{727ee9fc82b7421b8d541b8f3950f47f,
title = "Socialized to Safety? The Origins of Gender Difference in Personal Security Dispositions",
abstract = "What factors influence an individual's concern for personal security and safety? Prior research shows that women exhibit higher levels of fear, anxiety, and perceived threat. These differences in threat perceptions have important policy consequences, including the fact that women display lower support for military interventions, lower support for retaliation against terrorist groups, and lower levels of support for using torture. However, previous research has not fully investigated the origins of these differences in concern for safety and security, which we refer to as “personal security dispositions.” We ask if these differences are the result of lived experience, socialization, or both. Specifically, our analysis explores the extent to which personal security dispositions can be traced to parental warnings about safety and avoiding danger. Our findings indicate that both gender identity and parental socialization have an impact on security dispositions. We conclude the article with a discussion of avenues for further research and the policy implications of our findings, in particular with respect to public opinion on issues such as support for the international use of military force.",
keywords = "fear, gender, parental warnings, socialization, threat perceptions",
author = "Eichenberg, {Richard C.} and Lizotte, {Mary Kate} and Stoll, {Richard J.}",
note = "Funding Information: We are grateful to our late friend and colleague Kent Portney, who facilitated a pre‐test of some of our measures and allowed us to employ some of his own survey data for further analyses reported in the Appendix. We also thank Peter Levine and Kei Kawashima‐Ginsberg, who participated in the design of the opinion survey reported here, and to the Office of the Provost at Tufts University for funding. Thanks also to Jason Reifler and Thomas Scotto for advice on survey design, to Anna Weissman for research assistance, and to the editor and reviewers for a particularly useful set of suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. An earlier version of this paper was presented to the Meeting of the International Society of Political Psychology, Lisbon, Portugal in July 2019. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Richard C. Eichenberg, Department of Political Science, Tufts University, Packard Hall 209, 419 Boston Ave, Medford, MA 02155, USA. E‐mail: Richard.Eichenberg@tufts.edu Funding Information: We are grateful to our late friend and colleague Kent Portney, who facilitated a pre-test of some of our measures and allowed us to employ some of his own survey data for further analyses reported in the Appendix. We also thank Peter Levine and Kei Kawashima-Ginsberg, who participated in the design of the opinion survey reported here, and to the Office of the Provost at Tufts University for funding. Thanks also to Jason Reifler and Thomas Scotto for advice on survey design, to Anna Weissman for research assistance, and to the editor and reviewers for a particularly useful set of suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. An earlier version of this paper was presented to the Meeting of the International Society of Political Psychology, Lisbon, Portugal in July 2019. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Richard C. Eichenberg, Department of Political Science, Tufts University, Packard Hall 209, 419 Boston Ave, Medford, MA 02155, USA. E-mail: Richard.Eichenberg@tufts.edu Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 International Society of Political Psychology",
year = "2022",
month = apr,
doi = "10.1111/pops.12748",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "43",
pages = "221--235",
journal = "Political Psychology",
issn = "0162-895X",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "2",
}