Abstract
Unlike most other endogenous messengers that are deposited in vesicles, processed on demand and/or secreted in a regulated fashion, NO (nitric oxide) is a highly active molecule that readily diffuses through cell membranes and thus cannot be stored inside the producing cell. Rather, its signalling capacity must be controlled at the levels of biosynthesis and local availability. The importance of temporal and spatial control of NO production is highlighted by the finding that differential localization of NO synthases in cardiomyocytes translates into distinct effects of NO in the heart. Thus NO synthases belong to the most tightly controlled enzymes, being regulated at transcriptional and translational levels, through co- and post-translational modifications, by substrate availability and not least via specific sorting to subcellular compartments, where they are in close proximity to their target proteins. Considerable efforts have been made to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that underlie the intracellular targeting and trafficking of NO synthases, to ultimately understand the cellular pathways controlling the formation and function of this powerful signalling molecule. In the present review, we discuss the mechanisms and triggers for subcellular routing and dynamic redistribution of NO synthases and the ensuing consequences for NO production and action.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 401-409 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Biochemical Journal |
| Volume | 396 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jun 15 2006 |
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Keywords
- Acylation cycle
- Differential activation
- Intracellular trafficking
- Nitric oxide synthase
- Protein-protein interaction
- Subcellular targeting
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Cell Biology
Cite this
Subcellular targeting and trafficking of nitric oxide synthases. / Oess, Stefanie; Icking, Ann; Fulton, David J; Govers, Roland; Müller-Esterl, Werner.
In: Biochemical Journal, Vol. 396, No. 3, 15.06.2006, p. 401-409.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Subcellular targeting and trafficking of nitric oxide synthases
AU - Oess, Stefanie
AU - Icking, Ann
AU - Fulton, David J
AU - Govers, Roland
AU - Müller-Esterl, Werner
PY - 2006/6/15
Y1 - 2006/6/15
N2 - Unlike most other endogenous messengers that are deposited in vesicles, processed on demand and/or secreted in a regulated fashion, NO (nitric oxide) is a highly active molecule that readily diffuses through cell membranes and thus cannot be stored inside the producing cell. Rather, its signalling capacity must be controlled at the levels of biosynthesis and local availability. The importance of temporal and spatial control of NO production is highlighted by the finding that differential localization of NO synthases in cardiomyocytes translates into distinct effects of NO in the heart. Thus NO synthases belong to the most tightly controlled enzymes, being regulated at transcriptional and translational levels, through co- and post-translational modifications, by substrate availability and not least via specific sorting to subcellular compartments, where they are in close proximity to their target proteins. Considerable efforts have been made to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that underlie the intracellular targeting and trafficking of NO synthases, to ultimately understand the cellular pathways controlling the formation and function of this powerful signalling molecule. In the present review, we discuss the mechanisms and triggers for subcellular routing and dynamic redistribution of NO synthases and the ensuing consequences for NO production and action.
AB - Unlike most other endogenous messengers that are deposited in vesicles, processed on demand and/or secreted in a regulated fashion, NO (nitric oxide) is a highly active molecule that readily diffuses through cell membranes and thus cannot be stored inside the producing cell. Rather, its signalling capacity must be controlled at the levels of biosynthesis and local availability. The importance of temporal and spatial control of NO production is highlighted by the finding that differential localization of NO synthases in cardiomyocytes translates into distinct effects of NO in the heart. Thus NO synthases belong to the most tightly controlled enzymes, being regulated at transcriptional and translational levels, through co- and post-translational modifications, by substrate availability and not least via specific sorting to subcellular compartments, where they are in close proximity to their target proteins. Considerable efforts have been made to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that underlie the intracellular targeting and trafficking of NO synthases, to ultimately understand the cellular pathways controlling the formation and function of this powerful signalling molecule. In the present review, we discuss the mechanisms and triggers for subcellular routing and dynamic redistribution of NO synthases and the ensuing consequences for NO production and action.
KW - Acylation cycle
KW - Differential activation
KW - Intracellular trafficking
KW - Nitric oxide synthase
KW - Protein-protein interaction
KW - Subcellular targeting
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33744988179&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=33744988179&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1042/BJ20060321
DO - 10.1042/BJ20060321
M3 - Review article
C2 - 16722822
AN - SCOPUS:33744988179
VL - 396
SP - 401
EP - 409
JO - Biochemical Journal
JF - Biochemical Journal
SN - 0264-6021
IS - 3
ER -