Tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia. Relationship to minor physical anomalies, frontal lobe dysfunction and cerebral structure on magnetic resonance imaging

J. L. Waddington, E. O'Callaghan, P. Buckley, C. Madigan, O. Redmond, J. P. Stack, A. Kinsella, C. Larkin, J. T. Ennis

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

39 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background. It was hypothesised that schizophrenic patients with tardive dyskinesia show an excess of neurodevelopmental disturbance, particularly minor physical anomalies, in association with cognitive dysfunction and abnormalities of cerebral structure. Method. Forty-seven out-patients with a DSM-III diagnosis of schizophrenia were examined for tardive dyskinesia using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale; they were examined also for minor physical anomalies and neuropsychological test performance. Cortical atrophy, signal hyperintensities and lateral ventricular volume were determined on magnetic resonance imaging. Results. Patients with and without tardive dyskinesia could not be distinguished by age, gender distribution or a number of clinical measures; however, patients with tardive dyskinesia sorted fewer categories on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (P = 0.04). Cerebral structure in patients with and without tardive dyskinesia could not be distinguished on magnetic resonance imaging but those with dyskinesia, all of whom showed involvement of the orofacial region, showed more evident minor physical anomalies of the head relative to those of the periphery (P = 0.02). Conclusions. Tardive orofacial dyskinesia in schizophrenia appears to be associated particularly with poorer frontal lobe function, while predominance of craniofacial dysmorphogenesis may constitute a vulnerability factor that is related to the early origins of the disease process.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)41-44
Number of pages4
JournalBritish Journal of Psychiatry
Volume167
Issue numberJULY
DOIs
StatePublished - 1995
Externally publishedYes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Psychiatry and Mental health

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