Biocompatibility evaluation of boron nitride nanotubes

Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are increasingly gaining attention because of their unique physicochemical features, including high resistance to oxidation and heating, constant electric properties, high hydrophobicity, and considerable hydrogen storage capacity. As a consequence, they found plenty of applications in a wide range of research fields. Especially, they are being investigated for possible medical and biomedical applications, including gene delivery, drug delivery, neutron capture therapy, and more generally as biomaterials. Their biocompatibility is therefore a critical point that needs to be clarified. In this chapter, the biocompatibility studies on BNNTs are summarized, focusing on experimental approaches, surface modifications, and concentration-dependent toxicity investigations. Finally, a perspective of the future exploitation of these novel nanomaterials in possible medical and biomedical applications is provided.