Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis disorders impacting female fertility

Sasha Mikhael; Advaita Punjala-Patel; Larisa Gavrilova-Jordan

doi:10.3390/biomedicines7010005

Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis disorders impacting female fertility

Sasha Mikhael, Advaita Punjala-Patel, Larisa Gavrilova-Jordan

Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility and Genetics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

46 Scopus citations

Abstract

The hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis is a tightly regulated system controlling female reproduction. HPO axis dysfunction leading to ovulation disorders can be classified into three categories defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). Group I ovulation disorders involve hypothalamic failure characterized as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Group II disorders display a eugonadal state commonly associated with a wide range of endocrinopathies. Finally, group III constitutes hypergonadotropic hypogonadism secondary to depleted ovarian function. Optimal evaluation and management of these disorders is based on a careful analysis tailored to each patient. This article reviews ovulation disorders based on pathophysiologic mechanisms, evaluation principles, and currently available management options.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	5
Journal	Biomedicines
Volume	7
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines7010005
State	Published - Mar 1 2019

Keywords

Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis
Infertility
Ovulatory dysfunction
Primary ovarian insufficiency
WHO ovulation disorders

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Medicine (miscellaneous)
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)

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10.3390/biomedicines7010005

Cite this

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title = "Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis disorders impacting female fertility",

abstract = "The hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis is a tightly regulated system controlling female reproduction. HPO axis dysfunction leading to ovulation disorders can be classified into three categories defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). Group I ovulation disorders involve hypothalamic failure characterized as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Group II disorders display a eugonadal state commonly associated with a wide range of endocrinopathies. Finally, group III constitutes hypergonadotropic hypogonadism secondary to depleted ovarian function. Optimal evaluation and management of these disorders is based on a careful analysis tailored to each patient. This article reviews ovulation disorders based on pathophysiologic mechanisms, evaluation principles, and currently available management options.",

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AU - Mikhael, Sasha

AU - Punjala-Patel, Advaita

AU - Gavrilova-Jordan, Larisa

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N2 - The hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis is a tightly regulated system controlling female reproduction. HPO axis dysfunction leading to ovulation disorders can be classified into three categories defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). Group I ovulation disorders involve hypothalamic failure characterized as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Group II disorders display a eugonadal state commonly associated with a wide range of endocrinopathies. Finally, group III constitutes hypergonadotropic hypogonadism secondary to depleted ovarian function. Optimal evaluation and management of these disorders is based on a careful analysis tailored to each patient. This article reviews ovulation disorders based on pathophysiologic mechanisms, evaluation principles, and currently available management options.

AB - The hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis is a tightly regulated system controlling female reproduction. HPO axis dysfunction leading to ovulation disorders can be classified into three categories defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). Group I ovulation disorders involve hypothalamic failure characterized as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Group II disorders display a eugonadal state commonly associated with a wide range of endocrinopathies. Finally, group III constitutes hypergonadotropic hypogonadism secondary to depleted ovarian function. Optimal evaluation and management of these disorders is based on a careful analysis tailored to each patient. This article reviews ovulation disorders based on pathophysiologic mechanisms, evaluation principles, and currently available management options.

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KW - Ovulatory dysfunction

KW - Primary ovarian insufficiency

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Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis disorders impacting female fertility

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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