TY - JOUR
T1 - Photobiomodulation Therapy Attenuates Anxious-Depressive-Like Behavior in the TgF344 Rat Model
AU - Yang, Luodan
AU - Wu, Chongyun
AU - Tucker, Lorelei
AU - Dong, Yan
AU - Li, Yong
AU - Xu, Peisheng
AU - Zhang, Quanguang
N1 - Funding Information:
In conclusion, using an AD rat model with anxious-depressive-like behavior, our study demonstrates that PBM treatment can alleviate anxious-depressive-like behavior, as well as neuronal loss and neuronal damage. The preservation of mitochondrial function and integrity and the alleviation of neuroinflam-mation, excessive microgliosis, and oxidative stress after PBM treatment may contribute to the beneficial effects of PBM on anxious-depressive-like behavior at the early stages of AD development. Although This study was supported by research grants from the United States of America: NS086929 from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; AG058603 from the National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 - IOS Press. All rights reserved.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Background: Anxious-depressive-like behavior has been recognized as an early endophenotype in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies support early treatment of anxious-depressive-like behavior as a potential target to alleviate memory loss and reduce the risk of developing dementia. We hypothesize that photobiomodulation (PBM) could be an effective method to alleviate depression and anxiety at the early stage of AD pathogenesis. Objective: To analyze the effect of PBM treatment on anxious-depressive-like behavior at the early stage of AD. Methods: Using a novel transgenic AD rat model, animals were divided into wild-type, AD+sham PBM, and AD+PBM groups. Two-minute daily PBM (irradiance: 25 mW/cm2 and fluence: 3 J/cm2 at the cortical level) was applied transcranially to the brain of AD animals from 2 months of age to 10 months of age. After completing PBM treatment at 10 months of age, behavioral tests were performed to measure learning, memory, and anxious-depressive-like behavior. Neuronal apoptosis, neuronal degeneration, neuronal damage, mitochondrial function, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress were measured to test the effects of PBM on AD animals. Results: Behavioral tests showed that: 1) no spatial memory deficits were detected in TgF344 rats at 10 months of age; 2) PBM alleviated anxious-depressive-like behavior in TgF344 rats; 3) PBM attenuated neuronal damage, degeneration, and apoptosis; and 4) PBM suppresses neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Conclusion: Our findings support our hypothesis that PBM could be an effective method to alleviate depression and anxiety during the early stage of AD development. The mechanism underlying these beneficial effects may be due to the improvement of mitochondria function and integrity and the inhibition of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.
AB - Background: Anxious-depressive-like behavior has been recognized as an early endophenotype in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies support early treatment of anxious-depressive-like behavior as a potential target to alleviate memory loss and reduce the risk of developing dementia. We hypothesize that photobiomodulation (PBM) could be an effective method to alleviate depression and anxiety at the early stage of AD pathogenesis. Objective: To analyze the effect of PBM treatment on anxious-depressive-like behavior at the early stage of AD. Methods: Using a novel transgenic AD rat model, animals were divided into wild-type, AD+sham PBM, and AD+PBM groups. Two-minute daily PBM (irradiance: 25 mW/cm2 and fluence: 3 J/cm2 at the cortical level) was applied transcranially to the brain of AD animals from 2 months of age to 10 months of age. After completing PBM treatment at 10 months of age, behavioral tests were performed to measure learning, memory, and anxious-depressive-like behavior. Neuronal apoptosis, neuronal degeneration, neuronal damage, mitochondrial function, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress were measured to test the effects of PBM on AD animals. Results: Behavioral tests showed that: 1) no spatial memory deficits were detected in TgF344 rats at 10 months of age; 2) PBM alleviated anxious-depressive-like behavior in TgF344 rats; 3) PBM attenuated neuronal damage, degeneration, and apoptosis; and 4) PBM suppresses neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Conclusion: Our findings support our hypothesis that PBM could be an effective method to alleviate depression and anxiety during the early stage of AD development. The mechanism underlying these beneficial effects may be due to the improvement of mitochondria function and integrity and the inhibition of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.
KW - Anxiety
KW - TgF344 rats
KW - depression
KW - low-level laser therapy
KW - photobiomodulation
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U2 - 10.3233/JAD-201616
DO - 10.3233/JAD-201616
M3 - Article
C2 - 34219711
AN - SCOPUS:85117319633
SN - 1387-2877
VL - 83
SP - 1415
EP - 1429
JO - Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
JF - Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
IS - 4
ER -