Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short cationic host-defense molecules that provide the early stage of protection against invading microbes. They also have important modulatory roles and act as a bridge between innate and acquired immunity. The types and functions of oral AMPs were reviewed and experimental reports on the use of natural AMPs and their synthetic mimics in caries and pulpal infections were discussed. Natural AMPs in the oral cavity, predominantly defensins, cathelicidins and histatins, possess antimicrobial activities against oral pathogens and biofilms. Incomplete debridement of microorganisms in root canal space may precipitate an exacerbated immune response that results in periradicular bone resorption. Because of their immunomodulatory and wound healing potentials, AMPs stimulate pro-inflammatory cytokine production, recruit host defense cells and regulate immuno-inflammatory responses in the vicinity of the pulp and periapex. Recent rapid advances in the development of synthetic AMP mimics offer exciting opportunities for new therapeutic initiatives in root canal treatment and regenerative endodontics. Statement of Significance Identification of new therapeutic strategies to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens and biofilm-associated infections continues to be one of the major challenges in modern medicine. Despite the presence of commercialization hurdles and scientific challenges, interests in using antimicrobial peptides as therapeutic alternatives and adjuvants to combat pathogenic biofilms have never been foreshortened. Not only do these cationic peptides possess rapid killing ability, their multi-modal mechanisms of action render them advantageous in targeting different biofilm sub-populations. These factors, together with adjunctive bioactive functions such as immunomodulation and wound healing enhancement, render AMPs or their synthetic mimics exciting candidates to be considered as adjuncts in the treatment of caries, infected pulps and root canals.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 16-35 |
| Number of pages | 20 |
| Journal | Acta biomaterialia |
| Volume | 49 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Feb 1 2017 |
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Keywords
- Antimicrobial peptides
- Biofilms
- Immunomodulation
- Peptide mimics
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biotechnology
- Biomaterials
- Biochemistry
- Biomedical Engineering
- Molecular Biology
Cite this
Potential applications of antimicrobial peptides and their mimics in combating caries and pulpal infections. / Mai, Sui; Mauger, Matthew T.; Niu, Li na; Barnes, Jonathan B.; Kao, Solon Ting-Yao; Bergeron, Brian Edward; Ling, Jun qi; Tay, Franklin Chi Meng.
In: Acta biomaterialia, Vol. 49, 01.02.2017, p. 16-35.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Potential applications of antimicrobial peptides and their mimics in combating caries and pulpal infections
AU - Mai, Sui
AU - Mauger, Matthew T.
AU - Niu, Li na
AU - Barnes, Jonathan B.
AU - Kao, Solon Ting-Yao
AU - Bergeron, Brian Edward
AU - Ling, Jun qi
AU - Tay, Franklin Chi Meng
PY - 2017/2/1
Y1 - 2017/2/1
N2 - Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short cationic host-defense molecules that provide the early stage of protection against invading microbes. They also have important modulatory roles and act as a bridge between innate and acquired immunity. The types and functions of oral AMPs were reviewed and experimental reports on the use of natural AMPs and their synthetic mimics in caries and pulpal infections were discussed. Natural AMPs in the oral cavity, predominantly defensins, cathelicidins and histatins, possess antimicrobial activities against oral pathogens and biofilms. Incomplete debridement of microorganisms in root canal space may precipitate an exacerbated immune response that results in periradicular bone resorption. Because of their immunomodulatory and wound healing potentials, AMPs stimulate pro-inflammatory cytokine production, recruit host defense cells and regulate immuno-inflammatory responses in the vicinity of the pulp and periapex. Recent rapid advances in the development of synthetic AMP mimics offer exciting opportunities for new therapeutic initiatives in root canal treatment and regenerative endodontics. Statement of Significance Identification of new therapeutic strategies to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens and biofilm-associated infections continues to be one of the major challenges in modern medicine. Despite the presence of commercialization hurdles and scientific challenges, interests in using antimicrobial peptides as therapeutic alternatives and adjuvants to combat pathogenic biofilms have never been foreshortened. Not only do these cationic peptides possess rapid killing ability, their multi-modal mechanisms of action render them advantageous in targeting different biofilm sub-populations. These factors, together with adjunctive bioactive functions such as immunomodulation and wound healing enhancement, render AMPs or their synthetic mimics exciting candidates to be considered as adjuncts in the treatment of caries, infected pulps and root canals.
AB - Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short cationic host-defense molecules that provide the early stage of protection against invading microbes. They also have important modulatory roles and act as a bridge between innate and acquired immunity. The types and functions of oral AMPs were reviewed and experimental reports on the use of natural AMPs and their synthetic mimics in caries and pulpal infections were discussed. Natural AMPs in the oral cavity, predominantly defensins, cathelicidins and histatins, possess antimicrobial activities against oral pathogens and biofilms. Incomplete debridement of microorganisms in root canal space may precipitate an exacerbated immune response that results in periradicular bone resorption. Because of their immunomodulatory and wound healing potentials, AMPs stimulate pro-inflammatory cytokine production, recruit host defense cells and regulate immuno-inflammatory responses in the vicinity of the pulp and periapex. Recent rapid advances in the development of synthetic AMP mimics offer exciting opportunities for new therapeutic initiatives in root canal treatment and regenerative endodontics. Statement of Significance Identification of new therapeutic strategies to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens and biofilm-associated infections continues to be one of the major challenges in modern medicine. Despite the presence of commercialization hurdles and scientific challenges, interests in using antimicrobial peptides as therapeutic alternatives and adjuvants to combat pathogenic biofilms have never been foreshortened. Not only do these cationic peptides possess rapid killing ability, their multi-modal mechanisms of action render them advantageous in targeting different biofilm sub-populations. These factors, together with adjunctive bioactive functions such as immunomodulation and wound healing enhancement, render AMPs or their synthetic mimics exciting candidates to be considered as adjuncts in the treatment of caries, infected pulps and root canals.
KW - Antimicrobial peptides
KW - Biofilms
KW - Immunomodulation
KW - Peptide mimics
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85008249118&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85008249118&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.026
DO - 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.026
M3 - Review article
C2 - 27845274
AN - SCOPUS:85008249118
VL - 49
SP - 16
EP - 35
JO - Acta Biomaterialia
JF - Acta Biomaterialia
SN - 1742-7061
ER -